Solid-state batteries use solid electrolytes to replace flammable liquid electrolytes, fundamentally solving the risk of thermal runaway; at the same time, they support the application of lithium metal negative electrodes, and their energy density is much higher than that of traditional liquid lithium batteries . They are regarded as the key technical support for new energy vehicles to "end fuel vehicles."
The current solid-state battery technology route presents a "three-legged race" situation of oxides, sulfides, and polymers. Specifically:
The oxide has excellent thermal stability and is suitable for high-nickel positive electrodes, but poor interface contact leads to a low cycle life;
Sulfide ions have the highest electrical conductivity, but are expensive and tend to produce toxic hydrogen sulfide;
Polymers are easy to process and have manageable costs, but they require heating to work properly.
Regardless of the technical route, the market is more concerned about the commercialization process. At present, solid-state batteries are spiraling along the classic path of "military industry/aviation → high-end passenger cars → mass market". Let's take a look at the mass production schedule of all-solid-state batteries of 30 companies.
21 battery companies have mass production plans
CATL : Continues to invest firmly in all-solid-state batteries, with industry-leading technology. Small-scale production is expected in 2027, using a dual- material system of sulfide and condensed polymer as electrolyte, with a target energy density of 500Wh/kg.
Guoxuan High-tech : Jinshi battery, mass energy density can reach 350Wh/kg, volume energy density can reach 800Wh/L, and battery cell cycle life can reach 3000 times. In addition to the Jinshi all-solid-state battery that has been released, it is reported that it has also built a 0.2GWh pilot line, and the core equipment has achieved 100% localization. At present, its solid-state battery products have started road testing.
China Innovation Aviation: The "boundless" all-solid-state battery developed by it has an energy density of 430wh/kg and a capacity of over 50Ah. At the same time, it has made breakthroughs in battery operating pressure, life, and power. It is planned to be installed on vehicles in 2027.
Farasis Energy : It is advancing the research and development of its third-generation semi-solid and all-solid-state battery cells in an orderly manner. It is expected to mass-produce 60Ah sulfide all-solid-state batteries with an energy density of 400Wh/kg to 500Wh/kg by the end of 2025, and plans to deliver small batches to strategic partners.
EVE Energy : Mass production in 2026, sulfide and halide composite solid electrolyte technology route, launch high-power, high environmental tolerance, absolutely safe all-solid-state batteries in 2026, launch 400Wh/kg high specific energy all-solid-state batteries in 2028.
Xinwanda : We have formulated a five-generation technology upgrade route and plan to achieve an all-solid-state battery energy density of over 500Wh/kg by 2027, so as to significantly improve the core performance of low-altitude aircraft , such as endurance and power, thereby broadening the application scenarios of electric aircraft and helping the low-altitude economy to take off.
Honeycomb Energy: Mass production after 2030, all-solid-state battery energy density above 400Wh/kg, mainly covering high-end models with a range of 800 km and more than 1,000 km.
Ruipu Lanjun: As the lead unit, the "Long-life, high-energy-density all-solid-state lithium battery" project was shortlisted for the Zhejiang Province 2025 "Pioneer + X" science and technology plan public announcement list. Through this project, the energy density of the all-solid-state battery cell developed by it is expected to reach more than 400Wh/kg, and the product will be widely used in emerging application fields such as passenger cars and low-altitude aircraft.
Tailan New Energy: The membrane-free all-solid-state battery will start vehicle installation testing in 2026 and achieve mass production in 2027. In addition, during CIBF2025, Tailan New Energy exhibited its breakthrough products such as all-solid-state lithium batteries for passenger cars, 7C ultra-fast charging semi-solid-state batteries, and solid-state battery series designed for emerging fields such as low-altitude aircraft, embodied intelligent robots, and distributed energy storage .
Penghui Energy: Pilot research and development and small-scale production will be launched in 2025, and production lines will be officially established and mass production will be carried out in 2026. The energy density of the first-generation solid-state battery will be 280Wh/kg. In 2025, the energy density will reach more than 300Wh/kg after being matched with a higher proportion of silicon-based negative electrodes.
BAK Battery: By the end of 2025, it will launch a 390Wh/Kg solid-state battery product with a cycle life of 800 weeks, and will be deployed in fields such as explosion-proof safety equipment, vehicle battery replacement, and eVTOL, which have extremely high performance requirements for batteries. At present, BAK Battery has a number of solid-state battery products that can successfully pass the needle puncture test and are the first to be used in explosion-proof safety equipment.
Ganfeng Lithium : Recently, Ganfeng Lithium demonstrated a 500Wh/kg-level all-solid-state battery product, which is equipped with a sulfide electrolyte and a lithium metal negative electrode. The 10Ah-level sample has been produced in small batches, and it is planned to deliver verification samples to electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) companies within the year.
Xinjie Energy: has launched lithium metal solid-state batteries with an energy density of 480Wh/kg and over 1,000 cycles. Jinlongyu: successfully signed a purchase order with a customer for high-energy-density solid-state batteries for drones. The batteries purchased in this order are EC01 series super-energy solid-state batteries with an energy density of up to 500Wh/kg.
Heyuan Lithium: It has officially delivered the first batch of solid-state power battery packs for construction robots to Golden Crown Intelligent Technology, a construction robot company, realizing the first batch application of solid-state batteries in the field of construction robots. Heyuan Lithium's highly adapted solid-state batteries for construction robots have the following characteristics: 350Wh/kg series solid-state batteries, with an energy density twice that of traditional lithium batteries, and a battery pack weight reduction of up to about 40%.
Narada Power: has released a 783Ah ultra-large capacity energy storage solid-state battery. This is another important breakthrough in the field of solid-state batteries after the successful development of a 30Ah all-solid-state battery. It is reported that the battery has a cycle life of no less than 10,000 times, a single cell energy of more than 2.5kWh, an energy efficiency of more than 95%, and a volume energy density of more than 430Wh/L.
Anwa Technology: In the second half of this year, a small pilot line for second-generation solid-state battery products with an energy density ratio of more than 400Wh/kg will be built and put into verification. Based on the second-generation products, Anwa Technology plans to launch third-generation solid-state battery technology products with an energy density ratio of more than 500Wh/kg in 2027. Anwa Technology's first and second-generation batteries use a composite electrolyte design, and the third-generation battery will adopt a sulfide-based route.
Anhui Livi Energy: The second-generation solid-state battery developed jointly by the University of Science and Technology of China, Xianghe Kunlun New Energy Materials and other industry-university-research teams has been officially put into mass production. The battery has an ultra-high energy density of 350Wh/kg and a wide temperature range of 140°C.
Degas Energy: In March, Degas Energy's first batch of 1GWh high-energy-density solid-state battery projects in Changxing, Huzhou, Zhejiang, was officially put into production. This is the world's first batch of 1GWh high-performance solid-state batteries in mass production. Its solid-state battery adopts a full physical energy storage technology system, achieving an energy density of more than 300Wh/kg, a cycle life of more than 1,000 times, and is suitable for the full temperature range of -40℃ to 80℃. The risk of thermal runaway is reduced by 90% compared with liquid batteries.
LG Energy Solution: The newly developed argyrodites-type (silver germanium sulfide) sulfide-based solid electrolyte has shown high ionic conductivity in internal tests, and the material has now entered the process development stage for large-scale production. It plans to develop next-generation batteries, including solid-state batteries, and will launch mature products by 2030.
Factorial: It has delivered the first batch of solid-state lithium metal batteries to Avidrone Aerospace, a Canadian drone system developer, for its long-range cargo drone. It is reported that the battery capacity is 77Ah, the life cycle has reached more than 600 times, supports an operating temperature range of -30℃ ~ 45℃, and can be charged from 15% to more than 90% in just 18 minutes at room temperature, while supporting 4C high-power discharge.
Mass production plans of 9 major automakers
Changan Automobile: In May, Changan Automobile stated during a research visit that it will complete the investment and construction of 50GWh battery cell capacity in Changan by 2025-2026, and its total capacity will reach 75GWh. It is expected that solid-state battery installation verification will be achieved in 2026, and all-solid-state batteries will be gradually mass-produced in 2027, with an energy density of 400Wh/kg.
SAIC Group: In April this year, SAIC Group stated that SAIC's new generation of solid-state batteries will be mass-produced and applied in the new MG4 by the end of this year; in 2027, SAIC's first all-solid-state battery "Guangqi Battery" will be launched. It is understood that SAIC Group's all-solid-state battery is based on the polymer-inorganic composite electrolyte technology route.
GAC Group: It revealed in 2024 that the energy density of its 30Ah all-solid-state power battery is 400Wh/kg, which can achieve a vehicle range of over 1,000km; it plans to achieve mass production of all-solid-state batteries in 2026, and will first be applied to its Haobo models.
BYD : Mass demonstration and installation of all-solid-state batteries will be launched around 2027, and large-scale installation will be achieved after 2030.
Chery Automobile: Mass production in 2027, installation of all-solid-state batteries in vehicles in 2026, and large-scale mass production in 2027.
Geely Auto: The energy density of its self-developed all-solid-state battery reaches 400Wh/kg, and the preparation of 20Ah battery cells has been completed.
Toyota: Sulfide solid-state battery technology will be advanced in steps, with small-scale trial production in 2025, initial mass production in 2026, and full commercial application in 2027-2028.
Mercedes: Recently revealed that it has been testing Factorial Energy's solid-state battery design on the EQS sedan, promising a range of more than 621 miles (about 1,000 kilometers). Its solid-state battery can reduce weight by 40% compared to existing lithium-ion batteries .
BMW Group: On May 20, BMW announced that the world's first BMW i7 test vehicle equipped with all-solid-state batteries officially started road testing in Munich. The vehicle is equipped with large-size all-solid-state cells provided by Solid Power, using sulfide-based electrolytes and innovative module structures. The test focuses on cell expansion management, operating pressure control and temperature regulation.
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