It is well-established that PD-L1 expression can be induced by...

It is well-established that PD-L1 expression can be induced by IFNγ signaling leading to tumor adaptive resistance to immunotherapy.

Although other immunosuppressive mechanisms may be involved, these observations suggest that immunostimulatory cytokines produced by activated CAR T cells can induce GBM adaptive resistance pathways, such as PD-L1 induction, and hinder tumor eradication by CAR T cells.

Our results lead to the potential of correlating tumor IFNγ receptor expression with CLTX-CAR T cell therapeutic effect, as well as the possibility of combining CLTX-CAR T cells with checkpoint inhibitors for more effective GBM clearances.


Guessing that they are going with CLTX effect only - and the outcome will be heavily determined by how much PD-L1 expression there is. Low in vivo numbers here, and still a clear effect in the worst case scenario (high PD-L1).

A/B is low (PBT106)
C/D is high (PBT 003-4)