You should make yourself familiar with high latitude blocking, it creates the cold and warm records that we see. The stronger the blocking, the hotter and colder the records become.
https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/isobaric/250hPa/orthographic=13.47,82.92,432
Using the real time vector maps, you can clearly see the jet stream is wavy due to he Low Solar and the QBO phase, forcing extremely large heights through the mid and upper levels, and consequently right next door the total opposite.
