Two main types of cobalt mineralization: Sulphide and oxide. Sulphides are magmatic, oxides are weathered deposits. Sulphides occur mostly as Ni/Cu-Co, and may contain Au, Ag, PGEs as well, Oxides occur as Ni-Co, and also Mn, Fe etc.
Oxides split into three groups, two of which are mainly Ni-Mg, so we can ignore those here.
The cobalt group has two main types, Mn dominant (Asbolane), and Fe dominant (Goethite), and are both laterites (they accumulate laterally, therefore deposits are often wide and shallow)
Sulphides are more varied still. In Australia they are often associated with ultramafics, which are either extrusive (Komatiite) or intrusive (Peridotite).
Note the numbers given assume an ore of 100%, undiluted. These are examples of real mines.
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