Great analysis of the current state of third generation drones by the Institute for the Study of war. Below is the lede with a link to the entire paper. Russia and Ukraine are engaged in an active technological race to develop and deploy drones with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities.
Russia and Ukraine are competing to advance these AI/ML-powered drones to automate drone interoperability, targeting, and battlefield analysis. The successful integration of AI/ML drones could enable Russian and Ukrainian forces to reduce their reliance on human drone operators and defenders, bypass electronic warfare (EW), including jamming, reduce human limitations in target identification, and speed up decision-making processes involved in drone warfare.[1] Russian and Ukrainian forces will seek to operate unmanned systems in multiple domains: unmanned aerial systems (UAVs), unmanned surface vehicles (USF), and unmanned ground systems (UGVs).[2] Neither Russia nor Ukraine has leveraged AI/ML drones on the battlefield at scale as of early June 2025.[3] Russia and Ukraine are, however, increasingly integrating ML capabilities with some limited AI adaptations into new drone variants on the path to developing fully AI/ML-powered drones.
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