The conserved structure of the E gene of the envelope protein of the coronavirus may be explained by the vital roles of this protein; it is involved in many important aspects of the virus life cycle: pathogenesis, envelope formation, budding, viral assembly, and structural motifs and virus topology [25, 26]. All E proteins have conserved cysteine residues. Lopez et al. [27] proposed the importance of the conserved cysteines of coronavirus envelope (E) for virus production, as the virus with multiple mutations at three cysteine residues at positions 40, 44, and 47 exhibited an increased rate of its degradation. Additionally, DeDiego et al. [28] proposed that a lack of the E gene caused in vivo and in vitro attenuation of SARS-CoV; this could be used for the development of a live attenuated SARS-CoV vaccine.
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