Here is a great example for all, Trustly ONLY use open banking...

Here is a great example for all, Trustly ONLY use open banking SEPA to power their service. Have a look at what they are IPO'ing at below And guess what .......no cards

Imagine a hybrid multi-rail open banking SEPA, SWIFT and 70% of cards (ISX have all except Visa). Also Remember, Visa in the regulated sector is very small % due to its brand risk-averse policies they have.

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trustly-ipo-idUSKBN29R0YY?fbclid=IwAR14RiD8iaS4jN6Iy7em67GAObRH8nZEGcYwfI4z3UlI6pnx3QOWReeRwQQ

All this talk about Visa is tiresome, hopefully this puts to bed how companies in this space do NOT need Visa to be successful.