In the early 2nd century CE, the Roman province called Judaea...

In the early 2nd century CE, the Roman province called Judaea was renamed Syria Palaestina^[a] (literally, "Palestinian Syria"), and also incorporated some other, smaller, territories.^[18][19] This may have occurred either before or after the suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135.^{[20][21][22][23]
The English term "Palestine" itself is borrowed from Latin Palaestīna,[31] which is, in turn, borrowed from Ancient Greek Παλαιστῑ́νη, Palaistī́nē, used by Herodotus in the 5th century BCE.[11][32] Per Martin Noth, while the term in Greek likely originated from an Aramaic loanword, its Greek form showed clear derivation from παλαιστής, palaistês, the Greek noun meaning "wrestler/rival/adversary".[33] David Jacobson noted the significance of wrestlers in Greek culture, and further speculated that Palaistinê was meant as both a transliteration of the Greek word for "Philistia" and a direct translation of the Hebrew name "Israel" — as the traditional etymology of which also relates to wrestling, and in line with the Greek penchant for punning transliterations of foreign place names.[34][35]}
...nothing to do with the arabs.