Gen 3 base cost vs competition, page-19

On the topic of VPPs, soaking up solar with an EV or with a properly suited battery is what will be learned in the future by many home owners.

Your EV battery is lithium-ion and even with all the investments thrown at the technology the EV battery lifespan will no doubt be affected by cycling them more often than the owner would like. As a result their EV battery will require early replacement at cost due to degradation. This will also affect the EV range which is a sore point for many EV owners.

Whereas using a flow battery would be fit for purpose to take the daily cycling without any degradation where the owner gets an improved outcome by having a battery for the home VPP application lasting 10 years plus without degradation and they can work it hard and take any VPP benefits without concern or anxiety that you will limit EV range and cause degradation and closer replacement.

This learning will come very slowly as VPP adoption would need to subject EV owners to degradation and the discussion would only start to ramp up when the wide scale EV issue of degradation becomes apparent. But that will come in time and favour better suited stationary batteries.

Keeping the two batteries separate to serve their strengths is important for the consumer. Lithium great for mobility, low weight with high surge power for EVs, and Redflow's stationary flow battery as a workhorse to do the daily grind on the local grid.

We just need policy makers to know this so consumers don't revolt against them in the future.