gold is money ... gold coins used by crusaders, page-29

Ijscott.
muslims tollerated and encouraged all other religions,
they advanced the sciences and methematics.
they also spurred the europeans on with the info they needed to stage the renaissance..
so the clap trap about the europeans being lucky they did not sucuumb to muslim rule??
... before the occupation of the iberian peninsula, which became a safe haven for Jews under muslim rule form the european massacre of the jewsn, the europeans didnt even have a concept of 'zero'!!
which is part of the counting system we all use
until then it was either 'one' or 'negative one'....
making it impossible for science allgebra, and
so i think like all cultures we all owe each other for the dissemination of knowledge.
HUMANITY IS ONE..