Gravitas: India is betting big on this metal for self-relianceIndia is betting big on a metal that is driving the technology age and could dictate the future of civilization. It could be the stepping stone towards a self-reliant India. What is it?India's first lithium refinery to be set up in GujaratIndia needs lithium to produce lithium ion batteries used for electrification of transport and storage of renewable energy.The first lithium refinery of India will soon be set up in Gujarat to boost the nation's efforts towards electrification of transport.The refinery will process Lithium ore to produce battery-grade material.The lithium ore will be imported from Australia and processed in the refinery.Manikaran Power Limited, which is one of the largest power trading and renewable energy companies in India will be investing heavily in the refiner,y, almost around Rs 1000 crore.Manikaran Power Limited and Australian firm Neometals have entered into an agreement to produce lithium in India.Why is the lithium refinery important?The demand for lithium in India is driven by the nation's vision to become one of the largest electric car market of the world.India has set an ambitious target to increase the number of electric vehicles by 30 percent by 2030.India needs lithium to produce lithium ion batteries used for electrification of transport and storage of renewable energy.The Lithium refinery will help make Gujarat a hub for Lithium ion batteries, as there are already few Lithium ion battery manufacturing plants that are being set up in Gujarat.Key Highlights•India imports all the lithium needed to make lithium ion batteries, as lithium is a rare element not usually found in India.•India currently relies on other nations like China, Japan and Taiwan for its electrical batteries.•India is also looking to access raw materials like Lithium needed to produce batteries.•The lithium-ion battery manufacturing refinery is expected to become operational by January-February 2021What is Lithium?Lithium is generally very light due to its low density and despite being metal it can be cut easily with a knife.Chemically, it is a member of the alkali metal group and, like other alkali metals, is highly reactive. It reacts rapidly with other substances.India's main sources of lithium imports are countries like China, Hong Kong and Vietnam. Recently, India also gained access to Bolivian lithium reserves.BackgroundManikaran Power had collaborated with Neometals in 2019 to tap the Mount Marion Lithium mine in Western Australia.The proposed project will help Gujarat secure the required raw material for domestic manufacturing of Lithium batteries.According to the data tabled in the Parliament in February 2020, the import of Lithium-ion batteries almost quadrupled from 175 million in 2016 to 712 million batteries in 2018.www.jagranjosh.comIndia makes moves to tackle Chinese dominance in Lithium marketLithium is a metal of utmost importance.It is everywhere today.It's the juice that powers our smartphones, tablets, cameras, laptops and even cars.This element is the driver of the technology age.And it could dictate the future of civilization.Lithium is used to make batteries.Almost everything today and tomorrow, will run on batteries.India plans to buy Lithium to ensure supplies that could potentially last decades and make India self-reliant.New Delhi has started a massive effort to make India a world leader in Lithium batteries.A giant stockpile will allow Indian companies to make batteries for all the gadgets.The strategy to acquire Lithium has three steps.First, secure supplies from the largest reserves in the world. Two, build infrastructure to process Lithium, Like refineries.And third, leverage alliances to enter the global markets.India is working on all three fronts.First, the supplies.New Delhi is going straight to the source.Argentina, Chile and Bolivia have largest stockpiles of Lithium.A new company namely Khanij Bidesh India Limited.It was incorporated by three state-owned companies NALCO, Hindustan Copper and Mineral Exploration Limited.Khanij Bidesh India limited has a very specific mandate.It will acquire strategic mineral assets like Lithium and Cobalt.The foundation has already been laid, this company inked a pact with a firm in Argentina.Together they'll hunt for reserves.Chile and Bolivia are the two other potential sources.As of last year, India was the largest importer of Lithium-ion batteries.This is the most commonly used battery in portable electronics like smartphones and tablets.Since 2016, there has been a four fold jump in imports.India bought batteries worth 1.2 billion dollars in 2019-20.A large chunk of this business went to China. India was buying batteries from China.Of course, we want to change that India now wants to make batteries at home. But, it needs raw materials first.So it is reaching out to Argentina, Chile and Bolivia that are the top three countries with the largest lithium reserves in the world.Now to step two of India's strategy, infrastructure.India will build its first Lithium refinery in Gujarat.A state-owned company will invest one thousand crore Rupees for this.That's more than one hundred million dollars.The facility will process Lithium ore to produce battery-grade Lithium.That brings us to step three, competing in the global markets.For this, India will have to eat into China's global market share.Reports say Chinese firms control almost half of the global Lithium production.And China has a 73 per cent share in global cell manufacturing capacity.It's time to change that.. India is making the moves.Australia wants to collaborate with India.The Australian High Commissioner in India Barry O'Farrell issued a statement this week.He said India and Australia both stood to gain from the promise of expanding trade in Lithium.Australia is one of the largest producers of Lithium.It has a reserve of more than six million tonnes.India could leverage these supplies. And Australia is ready to offer them.The envoy said, Australia was well placed to support India's ambitions around the development of new economic sectors.This is a tough game, ramping up manufacturing depends on investment.But the biggest challenge here is the procurement of Lithium.Lithium makes up only 0.002 per cent of the earth's crust.The supply is scarce.And securing that is India's top priority.www.wionews.com/india-news/india-makes-moves-to-tackle-chinese-dominance-in-lithium-market-355490
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