''You didnt address the totally unjabbed PNG ..........who were...

''You didnt address the totally unjabbed PNG ..........who were untouched or are they a different species?

maybe they are

The people of Papua New Guinea (PNG) have Denisovan ancestry in their genetics. Studies have shown that the genomes of Papuans contain alleles from both Neanderthals and Denisovans. Specifically, Denisovan genetic material is present in Papuan genomes, and this introgression has likely provided adaptive advantages, particularly in terms of immune system evolution. It has been reported that up to 4% of Papua New Guineans' DNA is of Denisovan origin, which may have contributed to adaptations such as resistance to certain pathogens like malaria[4][5].
Citations:
[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8557464/
[2] https://www.sanger.ac.uk/news_item/huge-genetic-diversity-among-papuan-new-guinean-peoples-revealed/
[3] https://www.imm.ox.ac.uk/news/huge-genetic-diversity-among-papuan-new-guinean-peoples-revealed
[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29739306/
[5] https://cosmosmagazine.com/people/anthropology/papua-new-guinea-genetic-adaptations/
[6] https://www.livescience.com/health/...-that-help-their-immune-system-study-suggests
[7] https://news.cnrs.fr/articles/the-papuans-the-living-record-of-our-origins

As to Amish - does this require a lot of thought? In plain English - your assumption is WRONG, that the Amish were untouched

The Amish communities faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic due to their unique lifestyle and limited access to modern technology. Here are some key aspects of how they managed the pandemic:
1. **Information Dissemination**: The Amish, who typically avoid modern technology, relied on word-of-mouth and community leaders to receive information about COVID-19. Health officials worked to disseminate information through church deacons and community leaders, using methods such as mailers and in-person communication[1].
2. **Community Practices**: Despite the pandemic, some Amish communities continued with traditional gatherings like church services and weddings, which are central to their culture. This led to difficulties in adhering to social distancing and mask-wearing guidelines, contributing to higher infection rates in these communities[1][2].
3. **Vaccination Efforts**: Vaccination rates among the Amish were notably low. For example, in Holmes County, Ohio, which has a significant Amish population, less than 1% of the Amish received any doses of the vaccine. Efforts to promote vaccination included holding clinics in rural areas and engaging community leaders to advocate for the vaccines' safety[2].
4. **Impact of COVID-19**: The Amish communities experienced high rates of COVID-19 infections and deaths. Excess death rates spiked, particularly in late 2020, when many resumed face-to-face interactions after initial compliance with government restrictions. The communities' resistance to preventive measures like vaccination and mask-wearing made them particularly vulnerable[3][4].
5. **Cultural and Religious Factors**: The Amish communities' response to the pandemic was influenced by their religious beliefs and historical experiences of persecution. Many viewed government restrictions on gatherings as an infringement on their religious practices, which complicated public health efforts[4][5].
Overall, the Amish communities' management of COVID-19 was shaped by their cultural practices, limited access to information, and skepticism towards vaccination, leading to significant challenges in controlling the spread of the virus.
Citations:
[1] https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-new...s-informed-amid-coronavirus-pandemic-n1181191
[2] https://www.npr.org/sections/health...community-hard-still-vaccines-are-a-hard-sell
[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8195242/
[4] https://wvutoday.wvu.edu/stories/20...ennonite-communities-during-covid-19-pandemic
[5] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10943-022-01615-4
[6] https://apnews.com/article/religion...demic-health-463b17f8a855f932762e4fd23e06c156
[7] https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/n...-communities-are-staying-safer-from-the-covid
[8] https://www.reuters.com/article/fac...ected-by-the-covid-19-pandemic-idUSL2N2NZ1TY/