This paper tells the same thing and I hope that Kempler knows it also :J Biol Chem. 2017 Aug 4;292(31):12895-12905. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.788422. Epub 2017 Jun 14.Human retinal pigment epithelial cells prefer proline as a nutrient and transport metabolic intermediates to the retinal side.
Chao JR1, Knight K2, Engel AL2, Jankowski C3, Wang Y4,5, Manson MA2, Gu H6, Djukovic D6, Raftery D6, Hurley JB2,3, Du J7,5.Abstract
Metabolite transport is a major function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to support the neural retina. RPE dysfunction plays a significant role in retinal degenerative diseases. We have used mass spectrometry with 13C tracers to systematically study nutrient consumption and metabolite transport in cultured human fetal RPE. LC/MS-MS detected 120 metabolites in the medium from either the apical or basal side. Surprisingly, more proline is consumed than any other nutrient, including glucose, taurine, lipids, vitamins, or other amino acids. Besides being oxidized through the Krebs cycle, proline is used to make citrate via reductive carboxylation. Citrate, made either from 13C proline or from 13C glucose, is preferentially exported to the apical side and is taken up by the retina. In conclusion, RPE cells consume multiple nutrients, including glucose and taurine, but prefer proline, and they actively synthesize and export metabolic intermediates to the apical side to nourish the outer retina.
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