Hybrids Vs PHEVs vs All Electric, page-1322

Its not surprising that VW is closing a European Car Manufacturing Plant because:
-(a) EV production's major input is electricity due to robotisation and the Ukraine war
. and the sabotage of Nord Stream gas has driven up production costs to a non-competitive level

-(b) That China's Made in China 2025 featuring EV production is clicking in making
China the world's biggest EV producer. Its competitive advantage via an economy
of scale has meant that the US has had to bung over 100% import tariffs on
Chinese import EVs in order to protect domestic US manufacturers.
The EC has follower with a 37.6% import tariff but this is obviously
not enough to save VW's Belgian plant!

IMO the Europeans will rely on their China based manufacturing to
stay competitive as will Tesla over the next decade