IVZ Share Price, page-15783

I'm bored...


https://sciencing.com/everyday-uses-helium-gas-8041697.html

some quotes below


Only helium can remain liquid even if its temperature is lowered. It will solidify only at extreme pressure. These properties make helium indispensable for certain newer technologies such as superconductors.
The element helium has many more uses than party balloons, however. It is also used in car airbags, high-tech equipment, medical devices and aircraft. Helium continues to be a major component of modern life, even though you cannot see it directly.TL;DR (Too Long; Didn't Read)Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. While you cannot see or smell it, helium features in many everyday uses, in technology, medicine, and even in cars.Why Is Helium Important to the World? To understand helium's importance to the world, it helps to learn more about the element's properties. Additionally, it is crucial to learn about its history and how its supply issues feature into aspects of modern life.Helium is an element that exists in gas form. Its atomic symbol is “He,” and its atomic number is 2 on the periodic table. Helium’s melting point is the lowest of all the elements, and its boiling point is -452 degrees Fahrenheit. Only helium can remain liquid even if its temperature is lowered. It will solidify only at extreme pressure. These properties make helium indispensable for certain newer technologies such as superconducting materials.The element helium is second only to hydrogen in its abundance in the universe. Helium exists in every star, and it is most abundant in the very hottest stars. It is produced from nuclear-fusion reactions in stars. In fact, helium was discovered first while studying our own star, the sun. Helium is prevalent in the sun; it is an essential element and therefore important to the world.Helium was not discovered until August 18, 1868. A French astrophysicist named Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen used a new astronomical device called a spectroscope to observe light wavelengths. The spectroscope displayed the spectra, or light wavelengths, as bands of color. While observing the eclipsed sun with a spectroscope, Janssen found a wavelength in the sun’s light that did not correspond to any other element yet found on Earth, in the form of a bright yellow line. Janssen realized he had discovered a new element. Another astronomer, the Englishman Norman Lockyer, also made this observation while viewing the sun. Both of them had observed the element helium, which Lockyer named after the Greek word for the sun. Eventually, in 1882, helium was in fact discovered on Earth, in the lava of Mount Vesuvius, when physicist Luigi Palmieri found the bright yellow spectra while he analyzed the lava. Later, William Ramsay conducted experiments that proved helium existed on Earth; he found that when element radium decayed, it produced helium. Per Teodor Cleve and Nils Abraham Langer would, in 1895, determent helium’s atomic weight.Molar helium can combine with other atoms while not sharing its electrons – in other words, apart. Under extreme pressure, such as might be at the Earth’s core, helium and hydrogen compress and form stable compounds. Scientists may uncover more fascinating aspects of the element helium, and whether it will still be possible to consider it truly inert, or if it can indeed form stable compounds in extreme environments.In the atmosphere, helium is only concentrated in approximately 1 part in 200,000. It is not practical, cost effective or efficient to extract helium from the air, so that is not how people obtain helium. Instead, helium is produced from natural gas. Impurities such as water, sulfides and carbon dioxides must first be removed, and then the resulting crude helium, which still contains other elements like argon, neon, hydrogen and nitrogen, is purified at high pressures. This crude is then super-cooled. Argon and nitrogen are liquefied, and eventually nitrogen evaporates. Helium separates from neon, nitrogen and hydrogen. Additional filtering with activated charcoal removes other gases.Helium can be found in some natural gas deposits around the world. It is not, however, in every natural gas deposit. In the United States, helium is extracted from wells in Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Texas alone houses the Federal Helium Reserve, the main supply for the U.S. This supply is, however, dwindling over time. A large deposit of helium also exists in Tanzania. There are now only 14 plants in the world that refine helium. Helium is also found in decaying radioactive minerals. It is naturally made from cosmic and x-ray bombardment of beryllium and lithium.The shrinking supply of helium has become a major issue. The dependence upon helium in modern technology has increased, and the supply decreased as a result. Scientists are working to make helium production more efficient and sustainable. Novel methods such as recycling and re-liquefying helium might work on a small scale that can aid researchers. This can help reduce the cost of helium as its supply drops

Well it stopped my boredom temporarily.