Could I also add that Toyota didn't take a 15% stake in ORE for...

Could I also add that Toyota didn't take a 15% stake in ORE for fun. They obviously believe, like Joe, that Lithium will be in Short supply in the years to come.

Given the lead time for expansion of ORE, they believe in their analysis that the nearly $300m is a good investment to secure supply in the future and that expansion of capacity is required for their assessment in the growth in demand.

You don't need to be a rocket scientist or Joe Lowery to work out that if demand is constricted, then the price will rise. Economics 101.

Otherwise Toyota could just wait and buy at a cheaper spot price. So why are all the car makers looking to lock in access to supply?

Perhaps they expect it is better to guarantee supply now than believe the charlatans and naysayers and they have bet more than a quarter of a billion they are right!

I thought money talked. I say ignore the "walkers"!