"Placing more pressure on engineers, in effect from December 1, 2014, is the mandatory requirement that a pre-feasibility study must be conducted in order to declare an ore reserve. By comparison, the JORC 2004 code only required that “an appropriate study as determined by the competent person” had been undertaken and usually this was in the form of a scoping study. CAE Mining executive consultant Francois Grobler said this enhancement brought the JORC 2012 code into line with other international reporting codes and standards."