Kava, health benefits including anti-ageing, page-7

TNF-alpha = Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha), is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and is responsible for a diverse range of signalling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.

LPS = The primary function of LPS is to provide structural integrity and a permeability barrier to protect the bacterial cell from the entry of deleterious molecules such as toxins and bile salts during its inhabitation in the gastrointestinal tract. LPS molecules released from the bacterial surface stimulate macrophages and endothelial cells to produce cytokines and inflammatory mediators. These events are normally desirable for clearing local infections. However, high levels of circulating cytokines and procoagulant activity may damage small blood vessels and precipitate the often-fatal syndrome known as septic shock.

Alzheimer's disease = is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases.