AVZ (ASX) Lithium is following iron ore cycle

Originally posted by 8horse ↑

China’s Hainan province to ban fossil-fuel car sales by 2030

Caroline Kwok

Bonnie Au

https://www.scmp.com/video/china/2189028/chinas-hainan-province-ban-fossil-fuel-car-sales-2030

Hainan province is the first province to ban fossil fuel cars and is promoted as “Hainan model”, probably soon other provinces will follow its path, it’s likely a part of China central government plan, imo.

China faces very similar situation with lithium resources, although has abundant brine deposits which are very similar to low grade iron ore deposits, majority of Chinese brine deposits contain high Magnesium and environmental issues.

The high magnesium to lithium ratio in Qinghai Salt Lake is one of the biggest obstacles for industrialized large-scale production of lithium carbonate.

Qinghai Salt Lake is rich in resources and good drying conditions, but the high magnesium to lithium ratio of the salt lake resources itself brings great difficulties to the enrichment and separation of lithium. The world's salt lake resource benchmark - Atacama Salt Lake has a magnesium-to-lithium ratio of only 6:1; although the Chaerhan Salt Lake has the largest reserves, the original lithium-magnesium-lithium ratio is 1577:1, and the lithium ion concentration is low; Dongtai Jinnar Salt Lake The reserve is the smallest, but the ratio of magnesium to lithium is the smallest, which is 35.2:1 (the old halogen is 18:1); the West Lake Jinil Salt Lake is similar to Dongtai, the ratio of magnesium to lithium is 61:1; the ratio of magnesium to lithium in Yiliping Salt Lake is 90.5:1 ( The old brine is 51:1); the reserves of Dachaidan Salt Lake are the second, the ratio of magnesium to lithium is 134:1 (the old halogen is 92:1).

At present, the most commonly used lithium extraction in Qinghai Salt Lake is adsorption method (represented by Lanke Lithium Industry) and membrane method (electrodialysis method and nanofiltration membrane method) (the nanofiltration membrane method is represented by Hengxinrong). Since 2011, Lanke Lithium has been involved in the lithium extraction field in the salt lake. Through the introduction of Russian second-generation adsorption technology, after years of running-in and sorbent improvement and innovation, the technology has made a major breakthrough in 2014 and started mass production. CITIC Guoan relies on Xitai Jimel. The research on the separation and extraction of lithium from high-magnesium-lithium in the salt lake by the salt lake has made a breakthrough in 2006. The technology uses the calcination method to extract lithium. However, due to the serious pollution to the environment, it was stopped until the production resumed in 2016.

China Import dependence:

China need to reduce reliance on crude oil, for reducing pollution.
China spent ~USD$240 billion on importing crude oil in 2018 year, Import reliance was about 70%.

China Iron ore import dependence increased from 60% in 2010 to currently around 80%.

China Lithium import dependence is already sitting at around 85%.
Where will China to source lithium from while electric vehicle sales accelerate?

DYOR.

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However, due to the serious pollution to the environment, it was stopped until the production resumed in 2016.

China need to reduce reliance on crude oil, for reducing pollution.

China spent ~USD$240 billion on importing crude oil in 2018 year, Import reliance was about 70%.

Volkswagen plans 22 million electric vehicles in ten years

The Volkswagen Group is forging ahead with the fundamental change of system in individual mobility and systematically aligning with electric drives. The Group is planning to launch almost 70 new electric models in the next ten years – instead of the 50 previously planned. As a result, the projected number of vehicles to be built on the Group’s electric platforms in the next decade will increase from 15 million to 22 million. Expanding e-mobility is an important building block on the road to a CO₂-neutral balance.

Volkswagen has signed off a comprehensive decarbonization program aimed at achieving a fully CO₂-neutral balance in all areas from fleet to production to administration by 2050.

Volkswagen is thus fully committed to the Paris climate targets.

www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/volkswagen-plans-22-million-electric-vehicles-in-ten-years

A damning 2018 report on the health impacts of PM2.5 particulate matter – a byproduct of diesel-powered vehicles – issued by the World Health Organisation in 2018 drew a call from Australia’s Doctors for the Environment for a reduction of public transport emissions, among other measures.

The Mayor of London has ordered a fleet of 68 new zero-emission buses to tackle air pollution in the UK capital.

The electric vehicles will join London’s existing fleet of 8,000 buses next summer. Local governing body Transport for London (TfL) aims to have 240 electric buses on the network by 2019, which will be the largest of its kind within Europe.

The news comes during a summit in which city leaders from around the country are discussing how to improve air quality. Earlier this week, the group, which represents over 20 million people, called on the government to bring forward its diesel and petrol ban to 2030.

Australia starts slow on EVs, but could overtake global market

Most of the EV market in Australia will in be medium-sized cars and SUV vehicles.

The implications for the energy sector are going to be fascinating. While a 40 per cent share, the fleet of EVs will add around 11 per cent to annual demand, although this will actually be dwarfed by the increased uptake of rooftop solar – which will be used by many to charge the vehicles

“This (amount of storage) is equivalent to Snowy 2.0,” says Asghar, ”and eight times the size of the stationary storage market.

“There will be a considerable amount of reserve ‘behind the motor’ – an exceptional opportunity for aggregators to come up with a model for consumers.”

And because households will not have to rely on the sort of prices that diesel or gas plants need to survive, they will happily sell in the peak to a lot less than the current $14,000/MWh peak.

“That’s bad news for a lot of peaking generators in the market,” Asghar says.
And there are other implications too. “Peak” oil demand could be reached in 2029, with 100,000 barrels of oil displaced – even earlier, with added efficiency improvements in petrol and diesel cars.

Another implication is the impact on government revenues earned through the fuel excises of between 35c-40c/litre.

That will be slow at the start, but by 2040 it could amount to $5.5 billion a year, meaning some form of substitute, possible a road use charge, may need to be introduced.

https://reneweconomy.com.au/australia-starts-slow-on-evs-but-could-overtake-global-market-53680/

5. Advancing technological innovations

Achieving climate targets depends heavily upon technological innovations that will help government, industry and businesses to continue with sustainably practices.

Innovations including renewables, electric vehicles, efficient batteries and carbon capture are emerging possibilities both government and industry are beginning to depend upon to reduce emissions.

https://events.climateaction.org/climate-innovation-forum/

“The world has sent a clear signal; the future is electric. All that’s left is for Australia to decide whether we want to be makers or takers in the future of mobility.”

Mayor of London announces £24 million grant to make black cabs ‘greener’
Sadiq Khan, Mayor of London, has announced plans for a £24 million grant to make black cabs greener.

The electric vehicles will join London’s existing fleet of 8,000 buses next summer. Local governing body Transport for London aims to have 240 electric buses on the network by 2019, which will be the largest of its kind within Europe.

The news comes during a summit in which city leaders from around the country are discussing how to improve air quality. Earlier this week, the group, which represents over 20 million people, called on the government to bring forward its diesel and petrol ban to 2030.

5. Advancing technological innovations

Achieving climate targets depends heavily upon technological innovations that will help government, industry and businesses to continue with sustainably practices.

Innovations including renewables, electric vehicles, efficient batteries and carbon capture are emerging possibilities both government and industry are beginning to depend upon to reduce emissions.

https://events.climateaction.org/climate-innovation-forum/

“The world has sent a clear signal; the future is electric. All that’s left is for Australia to decide whether we want to be makers or takers in the future of mobility.”

Mayor of London announces £24 million grant to make black cabs ‘greener’
Sadiq Khan, Mayor of London, has announced plans for a £24 million grant to make black cabs greener.

The electric vehicles will join London’s existing fleet of 8,000 buses next summer. Local governing body Transport for London aims to have 240 electric buses on the network by 2019, which will be the largest of its kind within Europe.

The news comes during a summit in which city leaders from around the country are discussing how to improve air quality. Earlier this week, the group, which represents over 20 million people, called on the government to bring forward its diesel and petrol ban to 2030.

VW's investment in putting EVs in front of consumers could h ..

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