https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252170362_The_Structure_Of_Liquid_Water_Novel_Insights_From_Materials_Research_Potential_Relevance_To_Homeopathy
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The Structure Of Liquid Water; Novel Insights From Materials Research; Potential Relevance To Homeopathy

• January 2009
• Materials Research Innovations 9(4)(4)

DOI: 10.1080/14328917.2005.11784911

Abstract and Figures

The principles and phenomena from materials research to study the structure of liquid water and its relevance to homeopathy were discussed. Liquid water is a nanoheterogenous statistical-mechanical distribution mainly of several molecular species including oligomers and polymers along with a minority of monomers. The structure can be easily affected by epitaxial effects, pressure during succussion, the formation of colloidal nanobubbles, and electric and magnetic fields. In homeopathy a specific active agent is added to the liquid (water or water + ethanol). The change in the internalized model is a de-emphasis on the precise possible molecules into which water may polymerize.

. The classical picture of the “Random Network Structure” as presented by Zachariasen in 1932, which has become “established” as the structure of glass on the basis of model fitting on x-ray scattering data. The key assumption (unrecognized by others for 7 or 8 decades) of this model is that the structure of all glasses is “homogeneous” in the same ways as crystals are.

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n sharp contrast with the hypothetical calculations based on Zachariasen’s random network theory, is the direct TEM evidence. Shown are some examples of binary and ternary glasses, some quenched, some heat- treated which clearly show actual phase-separation. One can confidently assume that in many if not most glasses and in many liquids, structural (-composition) fluctuations must exist as precursors to such phase separation (after Mazurin and Porai-koshits) [11].

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The first presentation by Roy (1960) of the theoretical argument that the non-ideality of the liquidus (clearly shown in its shape) indicated that the liquid phase itself was “heterogeneous” in structure, and could be induced to phase-separate in a temperature region where it was metastable (left hand figure) [13]. Porai- koshits and Averjanov experimentally demonstrated exactly such an example in 1968 [14].

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P-T Phase Diagrams for sulfur (S). On the left is the subliquidus region showing the many crystalline structures. On the right is the liquid stable region showing at least 5 different liquid structures separated by a phase boundary.

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TEM image and model therefrom of glassy carbon structure showing 1 nm intergrowth of diamond-like and graphite-like regions after Noda and Inagaki [21].

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Figures - uploaded by Iris Bell

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