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... was universally accepted that only one liquid phase was possible. Yet the authors provided, probably for the first time ever, experimental evidence for differently- structured liquid phases A, B, C, D, E separated by somewhat fuzzy (second order?) P-T boundaries. Another relevant example, albeit metastable, is that of glassy carbon. TEM studies (Fig. 5)show that in glassy carbon, interlocking mixtures of 1-2 nm regions of sp 2 bonded graphite are mixed with sp 3 -bonded diamond regions [21]. As we will see later, the relevance of this line of argument by analogy has now been established beyond any doubt. That different structures of stable liquid water exist has now been fully ...
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... also shows what occurs when crystallinity or periodicity is lost. The so-called grain-boundary material is non-crystalline (glassy, liquid-like) and one can see immediately that all the atom by atom precision is gone. Instead we see the size and number of aggregates of various sizes without any regular arrays of atoms (cf -the cartoon version of Fig. 3 from 1971 [15]). That is precisely how every structure of covalently (strongly) bonded liquids, including water, is likely to appear. Of course some of the best known water-structure research groups, such as that under Nemethy and Scheraga and G.W. Robinson, had concluded on the basis of calculation that there was a "distribution" of two "states" or ...
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... N 2 , etc. dissolved in SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , etc. glasses at modest pressures and temperatures which also "could not exist" using the same argument (See Faile and D. Roy [58]). The fact is they do. However, the work of Tyrrell and Attard at Australian National University has proved beyond any doubt that nanobubbles do exist and do persist [59]. (See Fig. 15 for a SEM photo showing the unevenly shaped nanobubbles) These claims are further supported by extensive work in the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute for Physical Chemistry on what they term "bubstons" (bubbles stabilized by ions) under Prof. O. Vinogradova in the laboratory created by B.V. Derjaguin (See G.E. Yakubov et al. who ...
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... of the effects of milli-gauss magnetic fields on "imprinting" water and aqueous solutions as reported by K. Mohri et al. are not surprising [70]. These data on the effects of such weak magnetic fields are an appropriate backdrop to the fact that Tiller's conditioned water can have its pH changed by one unit by a modest static magnetic field (see Fig. 15). This suggests that "intention implantation", or more generally "subtle energies", can also change the properties, and hence the structure of water. Even more direct evidence is found in the literature as reported by Liu Zuyin [71]. In Tsinghua University in Beijing, Raman spectra were taken of distilled water before and after ...
