And that is what the FDA (and the other authors) suggest they are for;
"Statistical methods are also available to assess stopping for futility; that is, when the likelihood that the treatment effect being sought, based on the interim data, is very unlikely to be established."
From
https://www.fda.gov/downloads/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm127073.pdf
Page 15 Section 4.3.2. Statistical Methods
You write;
So it really says very little about the likely outcome.
At what point do I claim any more than "so the trials continue."
I'm not sure where all the spin is?
Mesoblast has turned a corner, page-380
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