- LME/ShFE arb: http://bit.ly/2wZSAEz
- North Korean concentrate exports to China stifled by sanctions
- Tight supplies of scrap batteries mean less recycled metals
(Adds closing prices)
Lead prices hit two-week highs on Monday as worries increased about tighter supplies amid China's environmental crackdown, strong demand and falling inventories in Shanghai.
Benchmark lead CMPB3 on the London Metal Exchange ended up 1.3 percent at $2,390 a tonne, a gain of around 18 percent so far this year. Prices earlier touched $2,408, their highest since Sept. 4.
"Some of these environmental inspections in China are hitting lead more than other metals because of its toxic qualities," said Macquarie analyst Vivienne Lloyd. "North Korean concentrate exports to China have been stifled because of the sanctions ... There has been a reduction in availability."
CHINA ENVIRONMENT: China's Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) last month embarked on its fourth round of environmental inspections across eight provinces and regions, including Shandong.
SICHUAN: Chinese research firm Antaike said the start of environmental inspections in Sichuan province had caused 60 percent of local lead-zinc mines to shut down for month-long maintenance. That could mean lower supplies of zinc and lead in August and September.
DEMAND: "Demand strength is holding up well everywhere," said Farid Ahmed, lead analyst at consultants Wood Mackenzie. "On the supply side, primary smelters are very concerned about concentrate availability, compounded by scrap batteries still being tight in North America and China for lead recyclers."
SUPPLY: More than half of global lead supplies come from secondary or recycled sources, which analysts say cannot make up for losses from primary or mine supplies.
CONSUMPTION: China accounted for about 40 percent of global lead demand, estimated at about 12 million tonnes this year. Analysts expect the lead market to show small deficits this year and next.
CHINA OUTPUT: The National Bureau of Statistics said on Monday that China's lead output was the lowest since November 2016.
NORTH KOREA: "China's decision to ban imports of several more commodities from North Korea (in August) means about 10 percent of its international lead mine supply is to be blocked," Macquarie's Lloyd said.
SHANGHAI STOCKS: At 16,568 tonnes, stocks of lead in warehouses monitored by the Shanghai Futures Exchange have fallen 80 percent since May and are at their lowest since March 2016.
MINES: Lead supplies have also come under pressure from the closure of zinc mines. Zinc and lead are mined together.
OTHER METALS: Copper CMCU3 ended up 0.3 percent at $6,530 a tonne, aluminium CMAL3 rose 0.2 percent to $2,089, zinc CMZN3 gained 2.2 percent to $3,097, tin CMSN3 added 0.8 percent to $20,700 and nickel CMNI3 climbed 1.3 percent to $11,235.
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