I'm not trying to re-write climate science I don't have a "hybrid view" , to begin learning you should start here for example:
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/12-842-climate-physics-and-chemistry-fall-2008/pages/lecture-notes/
And read all the linked PDF's
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/12-842-climate-physics-and-chemistry-fall-2008/79ea126c02eef72c9f840fd5d609e9fa_part3_lec1.pdf
"How is energy transferred between molecules, via radiation, collisions, or what?" -> Look in a physics book there's nothing controversial here. Again I'm not trying to re-write the text books nor do I claim to know more than climate scientists.
There's a huge amount of good science available you just need to learn how to fund trust worthy sources.
All the answers to you're questions are available.
