http://norgemining.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/220522-Shortage-of-raw-materials_-phosphate-production-in-Norway-_-CAR-ENGINE-AND-SPORT.pdf
INTERVIEW WITH FOUNDER OF NORGE MINING
Phosphate funding for
e-mobility
CONTENT OF
Martin Ehrenwetter •
Car manufacturers in particular have recently felt how vulnerable
supply chains can be in times of pandemic and war. Is there a rethink
now? Industry and politics must and want to change their strategy in
the future. One of the reasons why the EU Commission is trying to find
new strategic partnerships with third countries. Currently under
discussion: Greenland, Canada – and Norway. At the latter location, the
mining company Norge Mining intends to mine the raw material
phosphate, which is important for electromobility.
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24/05/2022, 08:16 Shortage of raw materials: phosphate production in Norway | CAR ENGINE AND SPORT
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Mr. Wurmser, why does industry – especially the automotive industry – need
phosphate?
As a basic battery material, phosphate is important for the mobility
revolution and also for fertilizer production, i.e. for food security.
Phosphate is also a component of the new lithium-iron-phosphate
battery, which Tesla, Volkswagen and other car manufacturers are
already installing in their vehicles. The phosphate and iron can replace
other harmful battery ingredients such as cobalt nickel or cadmium.
One of the things you want to promote in Norway is precisely this phosphate. What
quantities are expected there?
Here in Norway alone we are talking about deposits of around 70
billion tons of phosphate rock. To classify: So far, the largest deposits
were in Morocco with 50 billion tons, in China with 3.5 billion tons,
Algeria with around 2.2 billion tons and Syria with 1.8 billion tons. The
mining area is located in southern Norway near Stavanger, and is about
twice the size of Paris. We have 61 licenses in an area of 560 square
kilometers. At the moment we are calculating with various production
scenarios that are between 10 and 35 million tons per year. With a good
utilization of the mine, we currently expect an output of 20 million tons
per year.
The Norwegian mining company Norge Mining wants to extract the raw material phosphate,
which is important for electromobility, in the future. The EU already classifies phosphate as
critical.
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How do you know so much about these enormous quantities?
In order to precisely determine the size and position of the ore body,
we first had to carry out so-called electromagnetic reconnaissance
flights with a helicopter. With the help of state-of-the-art sonar
technology, the area could then be precisely delimited and
determined. Thanks to the accurate measurement technology of the
measurement data generated and the size of the data set, we were able
to create a fairly accurate 3D representation of the orebody in the
ground. The ore body of the discovered phosphate rock alone reaches
4.5 kilometers deep. There is at least 70 billion tons of phosphate rock
down to a depth of 1500 meters. This also includes globally significant
deposits of titanium and vanadium. We can mine critical raw materials
locally in southern Norway for at least the next 75 years, without them
running out - and this only on an area that accounts for just ten percent
of the total potential. If everything goes according to plan, we can start
within the next 5 years.
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In 2020, the EU will again classify phosphate as a "critical raw material". How is
iron phosphate actually obtained?
It is mined in open pits. The phosphate is then extracted from the ore
using a purely mechanical process. After the ore rock has been ground
up, the iron phosphate particles can be extracted from the suspended
water using magnetic force and thus recovered. Since there is only
magmatic rock in our mining area, in our case, in comparison to other
mining processes, this happens without the addition of chemicals. The
Moroccan sedimentary rock, for example, contains carcinogenic
cadmium, which must first be removed from the rock using a chemical
process.
Is the production largely CO2-neutral – how big is the footprint?
Sustainability and mining is possible and doable. Our footprint will be
little to no visible. Overall, our business model is completely geared
towards sustainability. We will only use renewable energy from water
and wind power to power our company. Due to their magmatic nature,
the minerals can be completely extracted and separated from the ore
rock without chemical additives and huge amounts of water. After the
In Norway alone, Norge Mining expects deposits of around 70 billion tons of phosphate rock.
Phosphate is a component of the new lithium-iron-phosphate batteries, which are already
being used by Tesla, among others.
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extraction of raw materials, we are planning a renaturation of the
respective mining area, which is sparsely populated. Excess
overburden is sold to the Netherlands, Denmark and Scotland, among
others, for landfill on their coasts threatened by rising sea levels, and
for offshore wind farms.
The extraction costs are likely to be correspondingly higher compared to mining
methods from other countries – or not?
Although we are more expensive in terms of labor costs, there are no
punitive tariffs on Norwegian raw materials, for example, as is the case
with Moroccan or Russian raw materials imported into the USA. Safety
and sustainability, by the way, with a view to the supply chain law and
the 17 global sustainability standards, have a price that is no longer
high in comparison when companies are forced to make investments in
order to meet minimum sustainability standards. If you also consider
the potential costs in the event of an interruption in the supply chain,
for example from unsafe countries such as China or Russia, as recently
seen with the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, it becomes so much
more cost-effective and reliable to rely on Norway anyway. Uncertainty
is unpredictable and expensive.
Are there already contractual customers for your project?
There are big expressions of interest from Asia, the USA and Europe
from the automotive or aerospace sectors and the fertilizer industry.
And the pressure in the various commodity-dependent industries is
growing. In the EU alone, at least 30 million jobs depend directly or
indirectly on the import and processing of raw materials.
ANZEIGE
Founder of Norge Mining, Michael Wurmser, believes that phosphate mining can start soon:
"If everything goes according to plan, we can start within the next 5 years."
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To what extent is the EU promoting your project – has Russia's war changed
anything about the EU's approach?
In the meantime, the EU has recognized the relevance of critical raw
materials and we are already holding concrete talks at various levels of
the EU, but it would be nice if the EU also understood the topic of
critical raw materials and raw material self-sufficiency as an EU-wide
industrial policy task. It is about the economic future of Europe and its
global competitiveness. The current supply crisis with energy and raw
materials affects Europe above all, which currently obtains well over 70
percent of its critical raw materials from China and Russia and has
entered into a politically and economically dangerous and negligent
dependency. An uncomfortable situation in view of the currently high
geopolitical and trade policy dynamics with fragile supply chains.
Politics and industry have to completely rethink here, in order to
quickly free oneself from this dependency. The EU has no choice but to
switch to onshore mining in Europe, which is ultimately much better
for the EU because it makes it independent on the issue. The war has
not only brought great volatility to the supply chains, but overnight
Russia and Ukraine have completely failed as raw material suppliers.
This will all accelerate to put the Green Deal into practice.
And what does Norway think of your project?
Local and national authorities in Norway stand behind us with a strong
commitment and support at all levels. Norway has already made
advance payments in this regard and has geographically postponed
the planned construction of a motorway from Denmark to Norway to
such an extent that the route no longer runs through our area.
Exploratory drilling in southern Norway confirmed the occurrence of the critical raw
materials phosphate, titanium and vanadium. Norway could thus become an important
supplier of raw materials for the energy and mobility transition in the future.
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Changing the route of this section of the highway will cost the state
nearly 330 million euros. In addition, the Norwegian state is currently
changing the mining law in order to create opportunities for faster and
less bureaucratic extraction of raw materials.
We actually have many of the raw materials that we need when
switching from combustion engines to electric motors in Europe.
Ventures like that of Norge Mining show how Europe can at least
partially detach itself from its import dependency on critical raw
materials in times of pandemic and war.
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