Nukes plant equivalent to 4 renewables life time!, page-60

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    ''Nuclear power plants have been operational in Europe since 1972 ( that's 72 years by the way) and still going''

    pffffffffffffft -

    Oh for heavens sake - get a grip ---- Several nuclear power stations in France have been decommissioned or are in the process of decommissioning:

    Over the years, France has experienced significant issues with its nuclear power stations, leading to numerous reactors being taken offline for both planned and unplanned reasons.
    1. **Carbon Segregation Issues (2014 - Ongoing)**:

    - In 2014, carbon segregation problems were discovered in critical components of nuclear plants, leading to extensive inspections and shutdowns. By late 2022, 20 out of 58 reactors were offline due to these issues, with more potentially affected as inspections continued[1].
    2. **Stress Corrosion Cracking (2021 - 2022)**:

    - In December 2021, cracks were found in the emergency core cooling systems of four reactors, leading to their shutdown. By mid-2022, 12 additional reactors were shut down due to similar problems, resulting in more than half of the 56 reactors being offline at one point[3][4].
    3. **General Maintenance and Safety Inspections (2022)**:

    - Throughout 2022, many reactors were taken offline for maintenance and repair work, exacerbated by delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic. By mid-August 2022, more than half of the reactors were offline due to safety-relevant damage, heat, drought, and scheduled shutdowns[2][4].
    4. **Corrosion Problems (2022 - 2023)**:

    - Corrosion issues in the safety injection systems led to further shutdowns. By January 2023, 12 reactors were still off the grid, with ongoing inspections and repairs expected to continue until 2024[2].
    5. **Record Outages (2022)**:

    - In November 2022, a record 26 out of 56 reactors were offline due to maintenance or repairs following the discovery of cracks and corrosion in cooling pipes[5].
    These issues have significantly impacted France's nuclear power output, leading to increased electricity imports and substantial financial losses for EDF, the state-controlled electric utility company[4].
    Citations:

    [1] https://www.powermag.com/frances-nuclear-storm-many-power-plants-down-due-to-quality-concerns/
    [2] https://www.grs.de/en/news/situatio...as-situation-evolved-our-neighbouring-country
    [3] https://www.power-technology.com/fe...mbitious-nuclear-plans-but-challenges-remain/
    [4] https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/EDF-posts-record-loss-in-France-due-to-reactor-out
    [5] https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/15/business/nuclear-power-france.html

    ''Several nuclear power stations in France have been decommissioned or are in the process of decommissioning:
    1. Nine reactors are currently being decommissioned within EDF's nuclear fleet in France[2].
    2. Specifically, the following reactors are shut down and undergoing decommissioning[2]:

    - Brennilis
    - Bugey 1
    - Chinon A1, A2, and A3
    - Chooz A
    - Creys-Malville
    - Saint-Laurent A1 and A2
    3. Additionally, fourteen experimental and power reactors are being decommissioned in France, including:

    - Nine first-generation gas-cooled, graphite-moderated types
    - The 1240 MWe Superphénix (Creys-Malville) fast reactor
    - The 233 MWe Phénix fast reactor
    - The 1966 prototype 305 MWe PWR at Chooz
    - An experimental 70 MWe GCHWR at Brennilis
    4. The gas-cooled reactors located at Brennilis, Bugey, Chinon, and Marcoule have all been shut down[3].
    5. The sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor technology development reactors, Phénix and Superphénix, have also been shut down[3].
    In total, it appears that around 14-15 nuclear power stations or reactors in France have been shut down and are in various stages of the decommissioning process.


    [1] https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/france
    [2] https://www.edf.fr/en/the-edf-group...ise-in-nuclear-power-creation/decommissioning
    [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France
    [4] https://www.renewable-ei.org/en/activities/column/REupdate/20220823.php
    [5] https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/15/business/nuclear-power-france.html
 
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