The researcher is a large organisation that conducts work in a wide variety of fields (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory). The paper itself acknowledges "poor sampling prior to the last decade and limitations of the analysis methods that conservatively estimated temperature changes in data-sparse regions" so it is reasonable to assume there remains a great deal of work to be done in understanding our oceans and also the drivers of any change.
Of particular interest for me is their other work in the fields of Energy Informatics and Utility Planning which presents some good energy flow charts. Their findings are further discussed in US energy Waste which imo has large implications to where future effort should be spent, ie the reduction of energy waste and efficiency.
