Partnership Deal Coming, page-36

"sprinkle of salt on a salad" is an interesting remark.

This article provides good information to the technically savvy.
//www.meridian-int-res.com/Projects/How_Much_Lithium_Per_Battery.pdf

How Much Lithium does a LiIon EV battery really need?
by William Tahil
Research Director
Meridian International Research
France
Tel: +33 2 32 42 95 49 Fax: +33 2 32 41 39 98 www.meridian-int-res.com
5th March 2010

Executive Summary

The adoption of Lithium Ion battery technology for Electric Vehicles continues to gather momentum. A
range of figures for the quantity of Lithium required per unit battery storage capacity (kWh) have been
stated. Some of these figures quote the minimum theoretical quantity of Lithium per kWh as if this is
achievable in a practical device. Other figures are also unrealistically low. This briefing paper is
intended to illustrate for strategic planners in the automotive industry how real world battery efficiency
differs from theory and to estimate the realistic quantity of Lithium that will be required per kWh of
(PH)EV battery capacity.
For realistic strategic planning purposes automobile manufacturers should model the material
requirement at 2 kg to 3 kg of technical grade Lithium Carbonate per nominal kWh of PHEV battery
capacity.
Current global LCE production of circa. 100,000 tonnes, if available, would therefore be sufficient for 2
to 3 million PHEV batteries of 16 kWh capacity (GM Volt class).​