With Pharmaust due for a takeover. Let's have a study on what the acquiring Company may receive in Pitney Pharmaust patents all seventy.
I have estimated population group numbers based on the USA alone. I appreciate the non insured are at a disadvantage. So that number is a variable of what we may expect to see viz a world population who may be insured or covered by PBS or NHS etc . So the number is a guesstimate.
In relation to monetary value I have used the PAA quote of $100 k per person per year.
What makes this interesting is the off label usage by the World's General Practitioners.
Once FDA approves Monepantel all the "smarts" will prescribe it off label.
So the value of Monepantel is not only neurology. At least that's what I would do.
Huge numbers below.What I have done is discount the figures dramatically at the conclusion. The rationale for this is some patents are " lab" confirmed but not ex vivo. Some aren't confirmed at all but most have potential. Some failed.
So I used a discount of 95% to find a base figure to muse upon.Then we will place another 95% discount on that figure to be conservative.
The numbers will astound.
1. Hepatitis B (1.4 million patient equals 160 Billion $ per year).
What is highly interesting is that no standard of care drug actually eliminates the virus.
What makes me think monepantel can ? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36033851/
This one is mammoth for ourselves or whoever acquires us.
Would have loved WEHI to have another study on the cccDNA.
2. HTLV-1(260,000 equals 26 billion $ per year)
Can monepantel work?
Preliminary results from the WEHI study indicate that MPL can kill HTLV-1-transformed leukemia cell lines and inhibit viral protein production. This suggests MPL's potential as an antiviral agent against HTLV-1, which is an oncogenic virus associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. https://unauthorised investment advice/health/preliminary-results-show-pharmausts-monepantel-drug-is-effective-against-leukaemia-virus-htlv-1/
Another one that was destined for another study at WEHI but never happened.
The last CR shows the faith of the LT shareholders. Money was not an issue. All for "peanuts" these preliminary studies.
3. Diseases related to glycogen storage. (10,000 equals 1 billion)
The standard of care for GSDs involves managing symptoms, which varies depending on the type of GSD. Treatments may include dietary modifications to maintain blood glucose levels, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for certain types like GSD II, and in severe cases, liver transplantation.
mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, have been studied in relation to glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) due to their role in regulating glycogen synthesis. Inhibition of mTORC1 has shown potential benefits in reducing glycogen accumulation, particularly in muscle tissues, as seen in Pompe disease (GSD II) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10977990/
4.Systemic Lupus.(204,295 equals 20 billion) Standard of care field tight with BP equals a pass.
5. Diseases related to Inflammation and immune activation. (125 million equals 12 trillion )
Promising therapy Monepantel.Good possibility of improvement of standard of care those being anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants.
"These are encouraging anti-viral profiles. Demonstrating twice that infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles can be suppressed by up to approximately 95% in cell cultures is a remarkable outcome.” Professor Pellegrini.
Why didn't the old BOD follow this up ? We had the world looking at us!
I remember the Governor of Massachusetts was looking at PAA intently but couldn't communicate further!!!
Costings for a further study at WEHI were $50 k off memory . Maybe it was $44 K, best not to remember.
Still can't believe that. Neither can some of yourselves who were around. A recent scientific conversation I had with another shareholder said " it should never have gone to Leiden University, we would be millionaires by now if kept at WEHI".
7. Anaemia (5 million equals 500 billion)
The standard of care for anaemia involves a comprehensive approach that includes Patient Blood Management (PBM) and iron therapy. PBM focuses on optimizing a patient's own blood, minimizing blood loss, and managing anaemia without resorting to transfusions. Iron deficiency anaemia is commonly treated with oral iron supplements
Why monepantel?mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its analogs, play a significant role in anemia management related to their effects on erythropoiesis.
I don't think Monepantel will become part of the standard of care.
9. Thrombocytopenia (31,825 equals 3.1 Billion)
First-Line Treatment: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or dexamethasone, are commonly used as the initial treatment to increase platelet counts.Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): This is often added when a rapid increase in platelet count is needed or when corticosteroids are insufficient.Second-Line Treatments: Options include rituximab, thrombopoietin receptor agonists, or splenectomy for chronic or refractory cases.Platelet Transfusions: Used in cases of severe thrombocytopenia or bleeding.
Rapamycin has been found effective in treating relapsed or refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) by modulating immune responses and inhibiting cytotoxic T lymphocytes, thereby increasing platelet counts in ITP patients.
10. Diseases related to stent coatings. (No data on numbers )
Drug-eluting stents (DES) use coatings to ensure biocompatibility, non-thrombogenic properties, and controlled drug release to prevent these issues. Coating defects or shedding can affect clinical safety and therapeutic benefits, potentially leading to adverse outcomes.
Stent coatings that incorporate mTOR inhibitors, such as sirolimus and everolimus, play a critical role in managing diseases related to stent deployment, particularly in preventing restenosis. mTOR inhibitors are effective in inhibiting neointimal growth by targeting vascular smooth muscle cells, reducing the risk of restenosis.
11. Renal insufficiency. (37 million equals 3.7 quadrillion. I have never written that number before)
Standard of care ;Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) to treat albuminuria and protect kidney function.Avoidance of Nephrotoxins: Patients should avoid medications that can harm the kidneys, like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Monitoring: Regular monitoring of kidney function through tests like estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is essential.Dialysis or Transplantation: In advanced stages, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessarymTOR inhibitors, such as sirolimus and everolimus, are used in the management of renal insufficiency, particularly in conditions like polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and renal transplantation.
These inhibitors can slow cyst growth and preserve kidney function in PKD by targeting mTOR signaling pathways, which are involved in cell growth and proliferation. In renal transplantation, mTOR inhibitors help prevent allograft rejection and reduce the need for calcineurin inhibitors, which can be nephrotoxic.
12. Obesity. (100 million equals 10 quadrillion) Standard of care. Pharmacotherapy: For patients who do not achieve sufficient weight loss through lifestyle changes or surgery, FDA-approved medications may be prescribed.
mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, play a significant role in obesity management by regulating adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. They inhibit the mTORC1 pathway, which is often overactivated in obesity, contributing to excessive fat accumulation. Studies show that pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 can reduce adipocyte differentiation and fat mass, protecting against diet-induced obesity. Additionally, mTOR inhibitors may enhance energy expenditure and promote the browning of white adipose tissue, further aiding in weight management and metabolic health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9735788/
13. Diabetes Insulin resistance (84 million equals 8 quadrillion)
Standard of care; Lifestyle ChangesMedical Nutrition Therapy Monitoring and EducationPharmacotherapy: Medications such as metformin may be prescribed to improve insulin sensitivity and manage blood glucose levels.
Research indicates that prolonged mTOR inhibition may disrupt insulin signaling through the loss of mTORC2 function, leading to impaired glucose uptake and increased gluconeogenesis.
Conversely, intermittent low-dose administration of rapamycin may mitigate these negative effects, suggesting a nuanced approach to mTOR modulation in managing insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5079084/
14. Diseases relating to non fatty liver. (100 million equals 10 quadrillion)
Standard of care;Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss (7-10% for NASH), a Mediterranean diet, and regular physical activity are foundational.Pharmacotherapy: Options like pioglitazone and vitamin E are recommended for specific patient populations, particularly those with NASH.Monitoring: Regular assessment of liver function and non-invasive tests (e.g., FIB-4 index, imaging) to evaluate disease progression.
mTOR inhibitors, particularly rapamycin and its analogs, have shown potential in managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Research indicates that selective inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway can protect against NAFLD by promoting lipid consumption and suppressing lipogenesis through the activation of transcription factors like TFE3. This pathway helps regulate lipid metabolism and reduces hepatic steatosis, making mTORC1 a promising therapeutic target for treating these liver diseases. However, further studies are needed to clarify the long-term effects and optimize treatment protocols using mTOR inhibitors in clinical settings.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35420934/
15. Polycystic kidney and fibrosis.(500,000 equals 50 billion)
Standard of care;Blood Pressure ManagementTolvaptan Therapy: This vasopressin receptor antagonist is indicated for patients at high risk of rapid progression, helping to slow kidney cyst growth.Lifestyle Modifications Encouraging a low-sodium diet, weight management, and regular exercises .
mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin and everolimus, have shown promise in managing polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and associated fibrosis. These inhibitors can slow cyst growth and preserve kidney function by targeting the mTOR signaling pathway, which is often overactive in PKD.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29600752/
16. Alzheimer’s Disease. (7 million equals 700 billion)
Standard of care.Medications: FDA-approved drugs like donepezil, rivastigmine, and memantine help manage symptoms. Cholinesterase inhibitors enhance cholinergic function, while memantine regulates glutamate to protect neurons.No cure.
mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, have potential therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to their role in modulating key cellular processes. Research indicates that aberrant mTOR signaling is linked to the pathogenesis of AD, affecting autophagy, oxidative stress, and amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation.Inhibition of mTOR may enhance autophagic clearance of Aβ and improve mitochondrial function, potentially reversing cognitive decline. Studies have shown that rapamycin can promote neuroprotection and cognitive function in AD mouse models by reducing oxidative damage and enhancing synaptic integrity. Monepantel, a drug primarily used for treating parasitic infections, has shown potential in Alzheimer's disease research. It acts as an mTOR inhibitor, which may help modulate neurodegenerative processes associated with Alzheimer's. Studies suggest that mTOR signaling plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's by affecting protein synthesis, autophagy, and oxidative stress.Research indicates that targeting the mTOR pathway could improve cognitive function and reduce amyloid-beta accumulation, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
Standard of care; medications: Tetrabenazine and deutetrabenazine are used to manage chorea and movement disorders. Antidepressants and antipsychotics may be prescribed for mood disturbances and psychiatric symptoms.
Current research indicates that monepantel may help address the protein accumulation associated with HD, potentially improving neuronal health. Early trials have shown that monepantel is well tolerated, and further studies are planned to evaluate its efficacy in HD patients. However, more comprehensive clinical trials are necessary to establish its therapeutic role in managing HD symptoms and progression . https://www.mndaustralia.org.au/research/get-involved-in-research/clinical-trials/mend-study-monepantel
18. Parkinson’s Disease. (1 million equals100 billion)
Levodopa/carbidopa is the gold-standard treatment for managing motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), effectively increasing dopamine levels in the brain. Most patients respond well to this therapy, though motor fluctuations and dyskinesia can develop over time.
Monepantel, primarily known as a veterinary drug, is being explored for its potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies indicate that monepantel engages the mTOR pathway, which is significant in neuroprotection and cellular processes relevant to PD.In a Phase 1 clinical trial, monepantel demonstrated safety and tolerability, alongside promising results in slowing disease progression in motor neuron disease (MND) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, suggesting it may have broader applications in neurodegenerative conditions.
Standard of care;Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC): Typically treated with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by intravesical therapy, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or chemotherapy. Regular cystoscopy is essential for monitoring recurrence.Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (often cisplatin-based), followed by radical cystectomy or radiation therapy. Adjuvant therapies may be considered based on individual cases.Advanced Bladder Cancer: Systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy.
mTOR inhibitors are being investigated for their potential in treating bladder cancer, given the pathway's activation in approximately 70% of cases. Drugs like everolimus and temsirolimus have shown some efficacy, particularly in combination with traditional therapies like cisplatin and gemcitabine, enhancing antitumor activity in certain bladder cancer cell lines.
Surgery: Often the first line of treatment, including lumpectomy or mastectomy.Radiation TherapyChemotherapyHormone TherapyTargeted Therapy: For HER2-positive cancers, agents like trastuzumab are utilized.Monepantel, originally developed as an anti-helminthic drug, is being studied for its anti-cancer properties, including in breast cancer.
Research indicates that monepantel can induce autophagy and inhibit the mTOR pathway, which is often activated in cancer cells, potentially enhancing the efficacy of conventional therapies like doxorubicin and gemcitabine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6220142/
21. Colon Cancer.(106,000 equals 10 billion) Standard of care;Stage 0 (Carcinoma in Situ): Treatment typically involves local excision or polypectomy.Stage I and II: Surgical resection of the tumor and surrounding tissue is the primary treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be considered for high-risk Stage II patients.Stage III: Surgical resection is followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, often using regimens like FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin).Stage IV: Treatment focuses on palliative care, with chemotherapy and targeted therapies being options to manage symptoms and prolong survival.
Monepantel, primarily known as an anti-helminthic drug, is being explored for its potential anti-cancer effects, including in colon cancer. Research indicates that monepantel can induce apoptosis and reduce cell viability in various cancer cell lines, including colorectal cancer cells.In studies, monepantel has shown promise in enhancing the effectiveness of existing chemotherapy drugs, although its specific application in colon cancer treatment is still under investigation. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10315739/
22. Mesothelioma. (3,000 equals 3 billion) Mesothelioma's standard of care involves a multidisciplinary approach tailored to the disease's stage and patient's health. For localized cases, surgical options such as extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy may be considered, often combined with chemotherapy and radiation for optimal outcomes. Advanced stages typically rely on chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and palliative care to manage symptoms and prolong survival.
Monepantel, an anthelmintic drug, is being investigated for its potential use in mesothelioma treatment. Preclinical studies suggest that monepantel may inhibit tumor growth by targeting specific pathways involved in cancer progression. However, clinical data on its efficacy and safety in mesothelioma patients are limited.
Though Ai states the above paragraph I am unable to provide a reference.
23. Kidney Cancer. (81,000 equals 8 billion) First line treatment surgery then possibly Systemic Therapy: For advanced RCC, first-line systemic therapies include targeted therapies like sunitinib and pazopanib. Nivolumab and cabozantinib are recommended for subsequent lines of treatment.Adjuvant Therapy: High-risk patients may receive adjuvant therapy with immunotherapy, such as pembrolizumab, post-surgery.
Monepantel, originally developed as an anthelmintic, has shown potential anticancer properties in preclinical studies. Research indicates that it may inhibit cell viability and proliferation in various cancer cell lines, including those related to kidney cancer. Monepantel works by targeting the mTOR pathway, which is crucial in cancer progression. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163619/
24. Liver Cancer. (42,000 equals 4 billion) Standard of care ;Surgery: Surgical resection or liver transplantation is preferred for localized tumors.Ablation: Techniques like radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are used for small tumors.Advanced-Stage TreatmentSystemic Therapy: First-line treatments include targeted therapies (e.g., sorafenib, lenvatinib) and immunotherapy (e.g., nivolumab).Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE): This is often used for patients who are not surgical candidates.
Monepantel, an anthelmintic drug, has shown potential anticancer effects, including in liver cancer models. It appears to inhibit tumor growth by targeting the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, which is crucial for cell proliferation and survival. Preclinical studies suggest that monepantel can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, including liver cancer. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163619/
25. Small cell lung cancer. (230,000 equals 24 billion) Standard of care; Chemotherapy: Typically involves a combination of cisplatin and etoposide.Radiation Therapy: Administered concurrently with chemotherapy to the chest.Surgery: May be considered for select patients, followed by chemotherapy or chemoradiation.Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation (PCI): Recommended for patients who respond well to initial treatment to prevent brain metastases.Extensive-Stage SCLC.
Monepantel's role in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is being explored due to its potential to inhibit the mTOR pathway, which is frequently activated in SCLC. Preclinical studies indicate that mTOR inhibition can suppress tumor growth and enhance the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy agents https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7483946/
26. Non small cell lung cancer. (200,000 equals 20 billion ) Standard of care; Surgery: Lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection is performed.Adjuvant Therapy: Post-surgery, patients may receive chemotherapy or targeted therapy, particularly for high-risk cases.
Everolimus and Temsirolimus: These first-generation mTOR inhibitors primarily target mTORC1 but have shown limited efficacy as monotherapies in NSCLC. They may be more effective when combined with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or targeted therapies.
27. Head and Neck cancer. (70,000 equals 7 billion) Standard of care;Surgery: Primary treatment often involves surgical resection to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue.Adjuvant Therapy: Postoperative radiation therapy (RT) may be provided to reduce recurrence risk.Locally Advanced DiseaseConcurrent Chemoradiation (CRT): For unresectable tumors or to preserve organ function, CRT is the preferred method, combining chemotherapy with radiation therapy to improve survival rates.Studies indicate that mTOR inhibitors, such as everolimus and temsirolimus, can reduce tumor burden in HNSCC models, particularly in HPV-positive cases. Combination therapies with other agents, like MEK inhibitors, have shown enhanced anti-tumor effects.
Clinical Trials: Several ongoing trials are assessing the effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors in HNSCC, with some showing promising results in terms of tumor response and manageable toxicity.Combination Strategies: Co-targeting mTOR with other pathways may overcome resistance and improve outcomes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7178455/
28. Oesophageal Cancer. (22,000 equals 2.2 billion) Standard of care;Endoscopic Treatments: For high-grade dysplasia or small tumors, options include endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or ablation techniques.Surgery: Esophagectomy is often performed for localized tumors.Locally Advanced Disease (Stage II-III)Chemoradiation: Tri-modality therapy (chemotherapy followed by radiation and surgery) is standard for resectable tumors.Surgery: Esophagectomy may follow neoadjuvant therapy for better outcomes.
mTOR inhibitors are being studied for their potential in treating esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Research indicates that targeting the mTOR pathway can enhance the sensitivity of ESCC cells to chemotherapy agents like cisplatin.
29. Gall Bladder cancer. (83,000 equals 8 billion) Standard of care;Surgery: The primary treatment is surgical resection, typically involving cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder) with possible resection of adjacent liver tissue and lymph nodes.Adjuvant Therapy: Postoperative chemotherapy is recommended for T2 or higher, node-positive, or margin-positive cases, ideally starting within 8 to 12 weeks after surgery.Locally Advanced Disease (Stage III)Chemoradiation: For unresectable tumors, a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be used to manage symptoms and improve survival.
Monepantel, primarily an anthelmintic, has shown potential anti-cancer properties, including in gallbladder cancer. Research indicates that monepantel may inhibit tumor growth through the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, which is often activated in various cancers. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10315739/
End of part 1
PAA Price at posting:
17.0¢ Sentiment: Buy Disclosure: Held
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