G.C.What don't you understand buddy? The share is being sold...

G.C.

What don't you understand buddy? The share is being sold down. P.S - I am in the Sun a lot need that Vitamin D -read below. A little bit of insight to research from hottod (Cut and Paste as illustrated by playez)

It appears you may have a delayed depression from the below, G.C - you obviously need more Sun!!!!

INTRODUCTION
Vitamin D insufficiency affects almost 50% of the population worldwide.[1] An estimated 1 billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups, have a vitamin D deficiency (VDD).[1–3] This pandemic of hypovitaminosis D can mainly be attributed to lifestyle and environmental factors that reduce exposure to sunlight, which is required for ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced vitamin D production in the skin. Black people absorb more UVB in the melanin of their skin than do white people and, therefore, require more sun exposure to produce the same amount of vitamin D.[4]

The high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is a particularly important public health issue because hypovitaminosis D is an independent risk factor for total mortality in the general population.[5] Emerging research supports the possible role of vitamin D against cancer, heart disease, fractures and falls, autoimmune diseases, influenza, type-2 diabetes, and depression. Many health care providers have increased their recommendations for vitamin D supplementation to at least 1000 IU.[6] A meta-analysis published in 2007 showed that vitamin D supplementation was associated with significantly reduced mortality.[7] In this review, we will focus on the biology of vitamin D and summarize the mechanisms that are presumed to underlie the relationship between vitamin D and its clinical implications.

Biology of the sunshine vitamin

Vitamin D is unique because it can be made in the skin from exposure to sunlight.[3,8–10] Vitamin D exists in two forms. Vitamin D2 is obtained from the UV irradiation of the yeast sterol ergosterol and is found naturally in sun-exposed mushrooms. UVB light from the sun strikes the skin, and humans synthesize vitamin D3, so it is the most “natural” form. Human beings do not make vitamin D2, and most oil-rich fish such as salmon, mackerel, and herring contain vitamin D3. Vitamin D (D represents D2, or D3, or both) that is ingested is incorporated into chylomicrons, which are absorbed into the lymphatic system and enter the venous blood. Vitamin D that comes from the skin or diet is biologically inert and requires its first hydroxylation in the liver by the vitamin D-25-hydroxylase (25-OHase) to 25(OH)D.[3,11] However, 25(OH)D requires a further hydroxylation in the kidneys by the 25(OH)D-1-OHase (CYP27B1) to form the biologically active form of vitamin D 1,25(OH)2D.[3,11] 1,25(OH)2D stimulates intestinal calcium absorption.[12] Without vitamin D, only 10–15% of dietary calcium and about 60% of phosphorus are absorbed. Vitamin D sufficiency enhances calcium and phosphorus absorption by 30–40% and 80%, respectively.[3,13]

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in most tissues and cells in the body.[6,14] 1,25(OH)2D has a wide range of biological actions, such as inhibition of cellular proliferation and inducing terminal differentiation, inhibiting angiogenesis, stimulating insulin production, inhibiting renin production, and stimulating macrophage cathelicidin production.[6,14–16] The local production of 1,25(OH)2D may be responsible for regulating up to 200 genes[17] that may facilitate many of the pleiotropic health benefits that have been reported for vitamin D.[3,8,9,14