Lithium batteries are very difficult to recycle and require huge...

Lithium batteries are very difficult to recycle and require huge amounts of water and energy to produce.

Lithium ion batteries, which are typically used in EVs, are difficult to recycle and require huge amounts of energy and water to extract.

"Recycling a lithium-ion battery consumes more energy and resources than producing a new battery, explaining why only a small amount of lithium-ion batteries are recycled," says Aqsa Nazir, a postdoctoral research scholar at Florida International University's battery research laboratory.

For every tonne of lithium mined during hard rock mining, approximately 15 tonnes of CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere.