Russia EU Ban, page-290

1. On 5.1.23, The USA (Bradleys), Germany (Marders), UK, France etc decided to send Infantry Fighting Vehicles (generally tracked vehicles, but not true tanks- equipped with a light cannon only),after appropriate training (c. 2 weeks) in Poland etc. These are not the most modern IFV's that NATO possess -there are many thousands in storage.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/05/germany-tanks-ukraine-russia-war

It has not been announced how many will eventually be sent to Ukraine- probably, IMO, 1000+ in 2023.

Ukraine has advised NATO it wishes to launch its own offensive against Russia, in their Spring, to restore fully its pre-2014 borders (Russia's first invasion).

It is also requesting:-

. more air -defense systems from NATO (Russia is constantly bombing its energy infrastructure, trying to freeze- out etc. Ukrainians).
. more artillery pieces. Russia has far more artillery pieces, though not as accurate as HIMARS & GLSDB rockets.
. FI6 etc fighter jets. Its Air Force is tiny & outdated Soviet era aircraft., cf Russia's
. ATACAMS 300km range, very accurate artillery missile launcher systems- to attack Russian miltary railway junctions & logistical bases, bordering Ukraine.
. more surveillance & bomber drones.
. Submarines (it has no Navy now, cf Russia's large Black Sea Fleet, which constantly attacks Ukrainian energy infrastructure with Cruise misiles)




2. This is the detailed Britannica summary of the Holodomor (Ukkrainian word holod- hunger, mor- extermination): disastrous man-made famine & unnecessary deaths, of between 3.5m- 5m people in Ukraine in 1932-33.

Ukrainians have a deep hatred, obviously, for Russia due to the deliberate policies of Stalin that caused the famine, & "liquidation of the enemies of the people".

It should be noted that, of all territories finally conquered by the Red Army in the Civil War from 1919, the Ukrainians held out for longest, in their bloody resistance to the Red Army attacks; & bolsheviks' executions/imprisonments/deportations of Ukrainians.

Encycolpedia Britannica A. Applebaum said

By early 2019, 16 countries as well as the Vatican had recognized the Holodomor as a genocide, and both houses of the United States Congress had passed resolutions declaring that “Joseph Stalin and those around him committed genocide against the Ukrainians in 1932–1933.”

https://www.britannica.com/event/Holodomor