worth remembering that these figures are provided by russia during a time of war ......naive to think russia haven't " massaged " to some extent
forget the GDP - bouyed by war industries which are simply a net cost to the economy
I take this from the conclusion .....
"In the short term Russia has been much more robust than many expected. Many questions remain, however. How sustainable are Russian macroeconomic and fiscal policies in the medium term? How long can the government support last and where will the finance for new projects come from? What will be the medium term impact of a weaker ruble on inflation? What could the impact of slower technology development be on the segments of the oil and gas industry that require the application of advanced technological solutions, (for example, in LNG business)? Will the new reliance on China and India as primary export markets for Russian oil and gas provide sufficient profit margins for the Russian exporters? While all these questions are beyond the scope of this paper, they represent key signposts for monitoring Russia’s future economic performance."
...and this was up to last year ......before the Ukrainian strikes on oil refineries that caused russia to import some refined product from Kazakhstan
