Its a few years old, and I posted it on the "other" forum as a...

Its a few years old, and I posted it on the "other" forum as a PDF, so excuse the formatting and the missing table....



7.4.1 Research Relating to Treatment of Chronic Liver Conditions
Rubens et al. (1998)1 In a double-blind trial, 10 people with chronic hepatitis were treated with Bioeffective R for one month. In the control group, healthy volunteers were given sunflower seed oil (placebo). Administration of Bioeffective R normalised dolichol levels; considerably improved the functional state of liver by increasing the activity of alanine aminotransferase (AAT) by 30%, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 100%, protein contents up by 100% and bilirubin by 15%. Clinical symptoms of intoxication and cholestasia disappeared. Bioeffective R led to clinical remission in patients with chronic hepatitis.

Keischs et al. (1997)2 evaluated the efficacy of Bioeffective R in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and chronic hepatitis. Four patients with PBC and 10 with chronic hepatitis were administered 35mg/day orally for 1-4 months. Bioeffective R was well tolerated and resulted in reduction of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and normalisation of albumin contents.

Seleznovs et al. (1996)3 Bioeffective R was trialled as a hepatoprotector. Chronic hepatitis was induced in rats by intra-muscular CCl4 administration. Rats were divided into three groups – group 1 receiving CCl4, group 2 received a 1% Bioeffective R solution while group 3 received water, administered orally five times per week. Bioeffective R administration normalised biochemical indices of liver dynamics as evidenced by reduction of ALP, alanine transaminase activity, normalisation of protein content in blood and reduction of conjugated dienes level in liver.

7.4.2 Research Relating to Immuno-regulating Properties
Loiko and Kodyvkina (1995)4 35 mg of Bioeffective R in conjunction with 4mg of vitamin A was administered for 2 weeks to 18 obese women. There was a marked increase in haemoglobin content (+31.5 g/l) and a rapid reduction in the quantity of eosinophils. Bioeffective R possesses immuno-modulating action; it significantly reduced T-suppressors and B-lymphocytes and increased T-helpers, improving the Th/Ts ratio. Phagocytic sensitivity and phagocytic index were also significantly increased.

Sadkov (1991)5 found Bioeffective R ingestion stimulated cellular and humoral immune
response; lowered lipoprotein and significantly decreased cholesterol values, normalising fat metabolism. Bioeffective R lowered the content of circulating immunological complexes, decreasing the general allergenicity of the human body.

7.4.3 Research Relating to Antiviral Properties (through Immuno-regulation)
Araki et al. (1989)6 found that Dihydroheptaprenol (DHP), a synthetic polyprenol derivative, markedly stimulated the generation of peripheral blood neutrophils after intramuscular injection in miniature pigs. The generated neutrophils exhibited enhanced killing activity against E.coli, indicating that DHP induces resistance to some bacterial infections in pigs, suggesting the applicability of DHP for humans.

Yoneyama et al. (1989)7 studied the effect of micro-emulsified DHP administered to healthy calves and found a marked increase in neutrophil counts. Nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity of neutrophils was also significantly enhanced 1, 2 and 3 days after DHP administration. Phagocytic killing of Staphylococcus aureus by neutrophils was enhanced markedly.

Araki et al. (1987)8 investigated the effect of DHP, on non-specific resistance of mice to
infection with fatal doses of E.coli. Mice injected with DHP showed enhanced resistance to infection with E. coli. Propagation of bacteria in the blood, liver and spleen was significantly inhibited. DHP markedly stimulated the generation of peripheral blood neutrophils, significantly enhanced clearance of E. coli from the bloodstream and activated neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages for hydrogen peroxide generation.

Shishkina et al. (2001)9 investigated the humoral and cellular mechanisms of Abies sibirica polyprenols effects, administered as an aerosol, on non-specific resistance of mice to influenza A/Aichi/2/68 virus. Aerosol polyprenols had a high protective effect in mice infected with influenza virus and contributed to improvement of the defence potential of the organism.

Sergeev et al. (2001)10 showed high preventive activity of aerosol preparations of Abies sibirica polyprenols with non-ionic surface active substances against influenza infection.

Shishkina et al. (2001)11 concluded that preventive effect in influenza can be attained by intramuscular injections of fir (Abies) polyprenols. Polyprenol preparations, injected two days before aerogenic infection with influenza virus, reliably protected mice from the disease.

7.4.4 Research Relating to Disseminated Sclerosis (MS)
Rubens et al. (1998)12 In a double blind trial 8 patients with MS were treated with Bioeffective R and a group of 10 volunteers were given placebo (sunflower seed oil); administered orally for 6 months. In the treatment group, after 3 months, urinary dolichol levels dropped by an average of 4.5 times and after six months became normal. The functional state of the patients ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 on Kurtzke EDSS. The usage of placebo did not change urinary dolichol levels and patients were 4 to 6 on Kurtzke EDSS. Bioeffective R enabled the clinical remission of symptoms for patients with disseminated sclerosis.

Kuznetsovs and Daugavietis (1997)13 studied the effect of Bioeffective R on regulation of myelination through stimulation of dolichol phosphate cycle (DPC) in patients with MS. 48 patients were assessed during the remission and relapse. The mean serum level of dolichol in remission and relapse patients was elevated in MS patients as compared with healthy volunteers. The data obtained support the principle of substitutional therapy with dolichol phosphate precursor in MS. The process of remyelation can be regulated using DPC stimulation with Bioeffective R.

7.4.5 Research on Burn Healing and Tissue Regeneration / Anti-inflammatory
Properties
Mikhailova (1993)14 Data from St Petersburg Medical Academy for Postgraduate Studies shows Bioeffective R accelerated healing of local 3rd degree burns by 30% compared with conventional treatment.

Roshchin and Soultanov (1999)15 determined that Bioeffective R significantly accelerates the healing of thermal burns compared with conventional therapy, with a decrease in subjective pain perception and rapid skin and tissue regeneration with reduced granularity.
Hlopova et al. (1992)16 10 children with chronic middle ear infection and cholesteatoma of the ear were treated with 5% oil based solution of Bioeffective R for two weeks, complementary with conventional treatment. In subsequent observations (1, 2 and 3 months after operation) there was less growth of granulated tissue in comparison with similar patients who received local hormonal and antibacterial treatment after surgery. There was also accelerated epithelization of the operated cavity and no undesirable effects. 12 children with chronically inflamed accessory sinuses was given a 2% oil based solution of Bioeffective R directly applied to the maxillary sinus every other day. Sinuses cleared up in 4–6 days, all patients were subsequently observed 1 to 2 months after treatment and showed stable remissions and no undesirable side effects.

7.4.6 Research Relating to Androprotective Properties
Melsobs (1990)17 Androprotective and androtropic properties of Bioeffective R were studied in rats with gonadotoxin-induced testicular atrophy. Bioeffective R was administered to old and young rats of the tested group for 30 days. Treatment resulted in stabilization and inversion of the atrophic condition, an increase in sperm count and motility, while in the control group no such effects were observed. After 30 days administration of Bioeffective R, both the test and the control rats were mated; tests for fertilisation showed 70% of the female rats became pregnant in the test group; while only 25% in the control group. The results are summarised in the tables below.



7.4.7 Research Relating to Adaptogenic / Metabolism Regulating Properties
Sadkov (1991)18 studied the effect of Bioeffective R on biochemical, metabolic and immunomodulating indices in chronic liver disease on 11 patients. Bioeffective R normalised peripheral blood indices, decreasing both AST and ALT. It also decreased Bilirubin, total proteins and globulins. Trending towards normalisation was noted in immunologic indices such as Th / Ts ratio, circulating immune complex and immuno-globulins.

Loiko and Kodyvkina (1997)19 studied the cholesterol-lowering properties of Bioeffective R in a group of 6 obese women, treated for 14 days with 35 mg of Bioeffective R and 3.5 mg Bioeffective N daily. Observed haematological indices showed a significant increase in the haemoglobin count, without an increase in the erythrocyte count. The number of leucocytes increased while Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) decreased. A noticeable reduction in â-lipoproteins and cholesterol proves the efficacy of using Bioeffective R as cholesterol lowering agent.

7.4.8 Research Relating to Anti-ulcerative Properties
Murakami et al. (1983)20 Found plant based polyprenols to be very effective anti-ulcerants in stress and chemically induced ulcers. The mechanism of action is related to Bioeffective R’s ability to suppress acid secretions and also, to increase secretion of pancreatic juice from the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Zhilevitch (1996)21 Showed that Bioeffective R possesses significant antiulcerant effects on modelled chronic gastric ulcer.

7.5 References for Section 7.4
1. Rubens, J., Poluektova, L., Gromova, N., Seleznovs, J., United States Patent, Number 5,731,357, March 24 1998, pp. 8-9.
2. Keischs, J., Rubens, J., Seleznovs, J., ‘Biochemical Changes in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases Treated with Plant Polyprenols’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Substances for Health and Beauty, Riga, 1997, pp. 53-54.
3. Seleznovs, J., Rubens, J., Majore, A., Pokrotnieks, J., ‘Plant Polyprenols’ Hepatoprotective Properties at the Experimental Model of Chronic Hepatitis’, New Trends in Hepatology: Abstracts of Invited Lectures for Falk Symposium No. 92, St Petersburg, Russia, June 21- 22 1996, p. 67.
4. Loiko, V. I. and Kodyvkina, Z. M., ‘Study of Effects of Bioeffective R in Clinical Treatment of Alimentary Diseases at the Department of Nutritional Safety’, Interim Report of St Petersburg State Medical Academy Central Scientific Research Laboratory to the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg, Russia, 1995.
5. Sadkov, S. A., ‘Study of the Effect of Preparation “Bioeffective R” on Biochemical,
Metabolic and Immunological Indices in Chronic Liver Disease’, Interim Report of
Hemostasis Industrial Research Centre to RFSFR Health Ministry, Kirov, Russia, 1991.
6. Araki, S., Suzuki, M., Ogura, K., Kimura, M., Imamura, E., Kuniyasu, C., Kagaya, K.,
Fukazawa, Y., ‘Enhancement of phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of neutrophils in
miniature pigs by dihydroheptaprenol, a synthetic polyprenol derivative’, Microbiol.
Immunol., 1989, 33 (10), pp. 877-882.
7. Yoneyama, O., Osame, S., Ichijo, S., Kimura, M., Araki, S., Suzuki, M., Imamura, E.,
‘Effects of dihydroheptaprenol on neutrophil functions in calves’, Br. Vet. J., Nov-Dec 1989, 145 (6), pp. 531-537.
8. Araki, S., Kagaya, K., Kitoh, K., Kimura, M., Fukazawa, Y., ‘Enhancement of resistance to Escherichia coli infection in mice by dihydroheptaprenol, a synthetic polyprenol derivative’, Infect. Immun., Sept 1987, 55 (9), pp. 2164-2170.
9. Shishkina, L. N., Safatov, A. S., Sergeev, A. N., Zhukov, V.A., Bulychev, L.E., P'iankov, O.V., Poryvaev, V. D., P'iankova, O. G., Buriak, G. A., Goncharova, E. P., ‘Mechanisms of action of aerosol preparations based on Abies siberica polyprenols in experimental influenza infection’, Vopr. Virusol., Russia, Nov-Dec 2001, 46 (6), pp. 28-33.
10. Sergeev, A. N., Safatov, A. S., P'iankov, O. V., Bulychev, L. E., Zhukov, V. A., Alekseeva, A. G., Petrishchenko, V. A., Shishkina, L. N., Poryvaev, V. D., Glotov, A. G., ‘Prophylactic efficacy of aerosol preparations based on Abies siberica polyprenols in experimental influenza infection’, Vopr. Virusol., Russia, Nov-Dec 2001, 46 (6), pp. 24-28.