Fossil fuels have been a foundation of Industrial economies for...

Fossil fuels have been a foundation of Industrial economies for over a century as technology and applications developed recognising the advantage of its use. Assuming that battery technology and renewables will not follow a similar path is a mistake as is assuming its unsuitability to industrial economies. As an example, the mining industry has embraced the multiple benefits that battery technology offers. The adaption led to further development and refinement, and in turn, use. There are other industries.

As with any transition from something old to something new, there are hurdles to overcome. Few suggest otherwise.

https://www.sae.org/news/2021/06/saft-batteries-underground-mining

Batteries go underground

" Diesel-powered mining vehicles add risk and complexity underground. Operators need extensive ventilation infrastructure to manage the exhaust gases, and this becomes exponentially larger as mines go deeper. That can be significant in terms of cost and space for today’s deepest mines, which reach depths of 4 km (2.5 miles).

Around 80% of the energy demand for underground mining is associated with load, haul and dump (LHD) machines and other vehicles that transport people, equipment and materials. Diesel engines are a source of CO₂ and particle emissions, so switching to battery power is an opportunity to decarbonize and improve air quality underground.

Despite these advantages, operators have held back from electrifying vehicles because of past limitations on battery technology. However, today’s lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology has matured to the point where it is economically viable and reliable. ..."