Foreign ATM fee cascadeATM --------> Cash to cardholder $1.50...

Foreign ATM fee cascade

ATM --------> Cash to cardholder

$1.50 transaction fee of which 20cts for processing costs and 40cts to issuing bank and 90cts left for acquirer (ie. Customers) but 30cts passed onto merchant. Customers will end up with 60cts after accounting for the interchange fee, proccessing costs and the merchant fee. If Customers could raise the amount it retains to, say, $1.10 then its EBITDA could be higher.