Understanding Dysprosium Criticality, page-7

HREE-related mining of ionic clays

It’s electric! Technique could clean up mining of valuable rare earth elements | Science | AAAS
01 NOV 2022

Excerpts (short article)
"Now, a Chinese group has developed—and tested on tons of soil—an approach called electrokinetic mining that relies on electric currents to free the REEs, sharply reducing the need for polluting chemicals. The strategy, described this week inNature Sustainability, could be “a game changer, providing that it is feasible at a large scale,” says Anouk Borst, a geologist at KU Leuven."

"Gareth Hatch, a rare earths expert at the Strategic Materials Advisory, a consulting firm in Manchester, England, notes that whether the technique can be scaled up “remains to be seen.”"

Article indicates that the Chinese are very actively scaling up and testing continues; they are working with clay in situ.

"The Chinese team started with a bench-top experiment, then scaled up to 20 kilograms of material, and finally moved to a field test at an actual ion-adsorption deposit, trying the technique on a 14-ton hunk of clay. The method extracted a higher percentage of the REEs more quickly than conventional leaching and needed less ammonium sulfate. It also left the soil cleaner and reduced contaminating elements in the leachate, which could simplify processing. The team calculates that the process could cut mining costs by about two-thirds."

Kingsnorth also very much involved with Dy/HREE mining of ionic clays in Australia (ref AR3)

Meanwhile First Captain ausheds is still trying to thump his chest by signing every post with his silly signature insult of Jack Lifton. And at the same time he dismisses the market value of Dysprosium. Utter failure to grasp.
p.s. Why does he endlessly brag about being smarter than someone he thinks stupid? It's comedic if you think about it.