my understanding is EAF with renewable electricity can be green if feedstock is scrap metal.
however if there is not enough scrap, or pure enough scrap EAF supply needs to bolstered by iron ore derived pig iron/dri/hbi which is pure.
the only tech that works at scale for iron ore derived green iron is hydrogen based DRI. this is what they did in Sweden
therefore those that produce dri grade ore are the only fair dinkum green steel iron ore producers.
other tech for lower grade ores is experimental.
most likely is semi green steel using hydrogen and a small amount of gas ( for carbon strengthening) in the dri process. then blending the semi green dri with scrap in the eaf powered with renewables. probably cut emission to about 20% of blast furnace steel.
this is possible now but dri quality feed and capacity and cheap hydrogen will limit it to a few ore suppliers, impossible to meet world demand.
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