It is, therefore, clear that dilution/blending of both NORM...

It is, therefore, clear that dilution/blending of both NORM residues and NORM waste is the option that needs to be followed, where National regulations allow this practice. This way of the management of radioactive waste is the preferred one in Western Australia [14] and in The Netherlands: The by-product use of NORM residues is the primary target of a NORM residue management system. For application in civil engineering, a specific requirement in Dutch legislation is that the NORM residue is diluted to a level such that it is no longer considered radioactive (in that it does not exceed the relevant ‘exemption’ level). Thus, dilution in this case is not only a treatment option but also a legal obligation. Only if the options of recycling or use are not feasible can the material be disposed of, and only then is it considered to be waste [23].