Woodside Petroleum Limited, page-170

An interesting article on the outsourcing in the industry can be found following the link.



https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insigh...companies-unsung-workhorses-oil-industry.html


A snippet below:

Historically, the world’s biggest oil producers closely guarded their role as operator of their own fields — convinced they alone could deliver the engineering necessary to extract their oil on time and on budget. Increasingly, however, over recent decades those producers have been ceding that role — opting in many cases to manage their assets at arm’s length, and allowing the world’s increasingly sophisticated oilfield services companies to deliver cost-efficient production and, crucially, the oil-field innovation that Big Oil has long assumed it alone could deliver. The speed and manner in which this has occurred varies somewhat by geographic market.


https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insigh...companies-unsung-workhorses-oil-industry.html