Great questions, Boff. 1. I'm unsure of the development...

Great questions, Boff.

1. I'm unsure of the development timeframes, but know that RAC are advanced in their developments of the peripheral IV formulation. This is evidenced by the recent presentation that shows the new IV formulation is almost ready for phase I clinical trials. The reason RAC shareholders have heard nothing about it is because these formulations are of extreme value and as such, RAC have to secure patents. I would suspect an announcement regarding IV formulations before the end of Q1 2022, but my estimations of timeframes haven't been great so far.



2. Unsure.

3. I think barriers are specific to the drug that you are using. In the case of Zantrene, I have no idea, but assume some key barriers might include ensuring the formulation can be administered safely and effectively into a peripheral vein and that Zantrene is able to reach the cancer at the same or similar concentration as a central line IV.

4. Yes to the first part, and unknown until more research is done to the second. Research most certainly has developed since the 1970-80s, where the researchers just dumped a whole bunch of Zan into two mice's stomachs. There are much more nuanced and creative approaches researchers and drug developers can take towards making something available orally. If you would like to review something as a bit of a case study, you can have a look at the ACERTAIN study of Inqovi (1-2), where they determined whether oral decitabine was similar in pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety to IV decitabine.

1 https://astx.com/astex-pharmaceuticals-presents-overall-survival-data-from-ascertain-phase-3-study-of-oral-hypomethylating-agent-inqovi-decitabine-and-cedazuridine-in-mds-and-cmml-at-international-congress-on/
2 https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/134/Supplement_1/846/426917/Pharmacokinetic-Exposure-Equivalence-and