Ann: Results of Concrete Decarbonisation Study, page-20

Based on the global concrete report 2023 (16), which is based on the most recent recorded
full year (2021), there was 9.42Bnm3 of concrete produced globally, with 48.5% (4.58Bnm3 )
produced in 10 countries, of which 35% of global production (3.29Bnm3) was produced in
China. The other 9 countries by percentage are USA – 3.5%, India – 2.3%, Indonesia – 1.5%,
Russia – 1.3%, Turkey – 1.2%, Egypt – 1.1%, Vietnam – 1%, Brazil – 0.9% and Saudi
Arabia – 0.7%. Based on the VDZ report (2) Australia accounts for 0.31% of global
production.

If assuming that the split of concrete is similar to that stated in the VDZ report, the potential
global volume of concrete excluding China for commercial use is 1.84Bnm3
of concrete per annum, that which Great White HRMTM could be potentially marketed towards. This will
vary as the Great White HRMTM is in Australia and shipping globally may not bring the
desired outcome commercially and more importantly in lowering GWP kg-CO2-eq to similar
levels as reported in this document. So, if only 10% of the potential concrete was targeted
with Great White HRMTM this equates to 184Mm3 of concrete that Great White HRMTM
could be marketed towards per annum. Using the dose rate of Great White HRMTM as utilised
in this report, this equates to an extrapolated potential market size of 184Kt of Great White
HRMTM per annum.

According to the Roadmap to Net Zero by the GCCA (17), the contribution by altering the
mix design of concrete is 11%, so by reducing the GWP in the concrete by over 7% as found
in this evaluation, is a major contribution in achieving net zero by 2050. More importantly is
a reduction that could be made within the next 12 to 18 months once the Great White HRMTM
becomes commercially available