Some info on HPA - High Purity Alumina
HPA is a high-valuematerial needed for lithium-ion battery components and synthetic sapphire usedin LED lights, semiconductor wafers and scratch-resistant smartphone glass.
Production of Alumina from kaolin by acid leach • Process researched by USGS in 1945-46, but shelved as the smelting of alumina produced from bauxite was much cheaper then • Kaolin is calcined to produce meta kaolin • Leach meta kaolin in hydrochloric acid producing ACH • Precipitate ACH from saturated solution by bubbling gaseous Chlorine through the solution • Wash the ACH precipitate several times to remove impurities • Calcine the ACH to remove the water and Chlorine – recover the Chlorine gas • Result is HPAhttps://ausimm.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/03-Hill-End-Gold-Kaolin-24-May2018-AusIMM.pdf
• HPA is a very pure form of aluminium oxideie, >99.99% pure, it has <100 ppm of
impurities. This is known as 4N HPA.
• 5N or 99.999% HPA is increasingly in demand
for high performance technology. It contains
<10 ppm impurities.
• HPA is chemically inert in most environments,
has a very high melting point, doesn’t conduct
electricity, is a good conductor of heat, and is
very abrasive.
• HPA’s properties make it desirable for high-growth industries
such as lithium batteries and photonic technologies
• When HPA is grown into Synthetic Sapphire crystal it is used
in:
• LED light / Semiconductor substrates
• Phosphors / Diodes
• Lasers
• Optical lenses
• HPA adds significant performance and safety characteristics
demand for HPA
when used in lithium battery separators
• New applications are forecast to extend the growing
Demand for HPA has risen eight-fold since 2003
and is forecast to triple by 2030
• LEDs consume more than half the annual HPA
production and is growing strongly. LED’s
currently have ~20% of the lighting market
with saturation expected above 80%.
• Lithium batteries are an emerging HPA market
and forecast to grow strongly as batteries
penetrate the auto and power storage markets
• Additional demand includes medical, optical,
smart phone screens, watch glass and bullet
proof windows
The largest use of HPA is to make synthetic
sapphire. Properties of Synthetic Sapphire
• Extreme hardness (2nd only to diamonds on the
Mohs scale)
• Transmits in UV, visible and IR wavelengths
• High heat resistance and excellent thermal
conductivity
• High electrical resistance
• Chemically inert and insoluble (biocompatible)
• Lithium batteries have been known to catch fire;
Coating the separator in HPA addresses this issue.
This market is forecast to grow strongly.
• The high melting point of HPA provides greater
thermal stability to the battery, improving safety
• HPA is a good electrical insulator while allowing ions
to flow freely
• HPA significantly improves impedance (Macmullan
number <3) allowing for high power capability and
low temperature performance
• HPA filled separators improve battery life cycle and
lower self-discharge
• 4N HPA currently sells for US$25-35,000/t 2017 prices
• 5N HPA sells for US$50-60,000/t
• Smelter grade 98.5% Alumina sells for circa US$400/t
• HPA prices are forecast to remain strong with new
demand growth matching or exceeding supply
growth.
• Quality challenges will constrain supply growth
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